Bisobrin, an isoquinoline was studied as a fibrinolytic agent and has never been used therapeutically.

Tozasertib, originally developed as VX-680 by Vertex (Cambridge, MA) and later renamed MK-0457 by Merck (Whitehouse Station, NY), was the first aurora kinase inhibitor to be tested in clinical trials. The drug, a pyrimidine derivative, has affinity for all aurora family members at nanomolar concentrations with inhibitory constant values (Ki(app)) of 0.6, 18, and 4.6 nM for aurora A, aurora B, and aurora C, respectively. Preclinical studies confirmed that tozasertib inhibited both aurora A and aurora B kinase activity, and activity has been reported against prostate, thyroid, ovarian, and oral squamous cancer cell lines. Upon treatment with tozasertib, cells accumulate with a 4N DNA content due to a failure of cytokinesis. This ultimately leads to apoptosis, preferentially in cells with a compromised p53 function. Tozasertib is an anticancer chemotherapeutic pan-aurora kinase (AurK) inhibitor that also inhibits FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) and Abl. Tozasertib is currently in clinical trials as a potential treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In cellular models of cancer, tozasertib activates caspase-3 and PARP and decreases expression of HDAC, increasing apoptosis and inhibiting cell growth. In other cellular models, tozasertib inhibits cell proliferation and metastasis by blocking downstream ERK signaling and downregulating cdc25c and cyclin B. This compound also decreases tumor growth in an in vivo model of prostate cancer.

AT-9283 was being developed by Astex Pharmaceuticals as a treatment for cancer and myelofibrosis. AT-9283 is an inhibitor of mitosis (cell division) and is the second most progressed drug candidate in the Astex portfolio of novel molecularly targeted cancer drugs. All of Astex’s current products have been discovered internally using its proprietary drug discovery approach. AT9283 is a potent inhibitor of the Aurora A and B kinases and has been shown to arrest tumour growth in a range of tumour models. Aurora kinases play a key role in mitotic checkpoint control in cell division. Both Aurora A and B are over-expressed in many human tumours and are believed to be excellent targets for anti-cancer therapy.

Dovitinib is an orally active small molecule that exhibits potent inhibitory activity against multiple receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) involved in tumor growth and angiogenesis. Dovitinib strongly binds to fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) and inhibits its phosphorylation, which may result in the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and the induction of tumor cell death. In addition, this agent may inhibit other members of the RTK superfamily, including the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor; fibroblast growth factor receptor 1; platelet-derived growth factor receptor type 3; FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3; stem cell factor receptor (c-KIT); and colony-stimulating factor receptor 1; this may result in an additional reduction in cellular proliferation and angiogenesis, and the induction of tumor cell apoptosis. There are several ongoing Phase I/III clinical trials for dovitinib.

Squalamine is a steroid-polyamine conjugate compound with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and anti-angiogenic activity. Squalamine selectively inhibits new blood vessel formation; this activity is thought to be mediated through inhibition of the sodium-hydrogen antiporter sodium-proton exchangers (specifically the NHE3 isoform) causing inhibition of hydrogen ion efflux from endothelial cells, with subsequent reduction of cellular proliferation. Studies in tumor-bearing mice have shown that squalamine inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth in xenograft models of lung, breast, ovarian, and prostate cancer and in brain and breast allograft tumor models in rats. Squalamine also has been shown to prevent lung metastases in the murine Lewis lung carcinoma model, both as a single agent and in combination with various other chemotherapeutics. Squalamine does not appear to have substantial direct effects on primary tumor growth in animal models when administered as a single agent. However, enhanced antitumor responses are observed when squalamine is administered in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents when compared with cytotoxic agents used alone. Squalamine was studied as a potential cancer drug and as a potential treatment for wet macular degeneration but as of 2018 had not succeeded in Phase III trials for any use.

Dovitinib is an orally active small molecule that exhibits potent inhibitory activity against multiple receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) involved in tumor growth and angiogenesis. Dovitinib strongly binds to fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) and inhibits its phosphorylation, which may result in the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and the induction of tumor cell death. In addition, this agent may inhibit other members of the RTK superfamily, including the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor; fibroblast growth factor receptor 1; platelet-derived growth factor receptor type 3; FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3; stem cell factor receptor (c-KIT); and colony-stimulating factor receptor 1; this may result in an additional reduction in cellular proliferation and angiogenesis, and the induction of tumor cell apoptosis. There are several ongoing Phase I/III clinical trials for dovitinib.

MANGANESE LACTATE is a salt of lactic acid. Manganese Lactate can be used as a dietary supplement and as a nutrient. Manganese is important in the breakdown of amino acids and the production of energy. It activates various enzymes for proper digestion and utilization of foods. Manganese also helps nourish the nerves and brain and is necessary for normal skeletal development.

A copper fungicide.