Reserpine is an alkaloid, isolated from the Rauwolfia serpentina plant and developed by Ciba pharma. Reserpine was approved by FDA for the treatment of hypertension and psychotic disorders. The drug exerts its effect by blocking two vesicular monoamine transporters, VMAT1 and VMAT2. The blockade results in vesicles that lose their ability to store neurotransmitter molecules. Neurotransmitters, thus retained in cytosol, are then neutralized by MAO.

AZAPETINE, a benzazepine derivative, is an alpha-1 adrenoceptor antagonist. It is a potent arterial vasodilator in the treatment of peripheral vascular diseases.

PYRROBUTAMINE is a potent H1-antihistamine. H1-antihistamines interfere with the agonist action of histamine at the H1 receptor and are administered to attenuate the inflammatory process in order to treat conditions such as allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and urticaria.

Dimoxyline is the synthetic analogue of papaverine, Acute toxicity studies show it to be less toxic than papaverine. No analgesic action and no tolerance development in experimental animals by repeated administration. But Dimoxyline does not appear to be as potent as papaverine in comparable dosage. Dimoxyline is indicated for the treatment of patients with angina pectoris. Also, significant amount of benefit was claimed in patients with acute or chronic phlebitis, arterial thrombosis or embolism, Raynaud’s phenomena and early thromboangiitis obliterans or arteriosclerosis obliterans. Detected adverse events are: nausea or abdominal cramps.

Piperazine, a six membered nitrogen containing heterocycle, is of great significance to the rational design of drugs. This moiety can be found in a plethora of well-known drugs with various therapeutic uses, such as antipsychotic, antihistamine, antianginal, antidepressant, anticancer, antiviral, cardio protectors, anti-inflammatory, and imaging agents. Slight modification to the substitution pattern on the piperazine nucleus facilitates a recognizable difference in the medicinal potential of the resultant molecules. Piperazine has been used as an antihelmintic drug. Piperazine works by paralyzing the worms. They are then passed in the stool.

Piperazine, a six membered nitrogen containing heterocycle, is of great significance to the rational design of drugs. This moiety can be found in a plethora of well-known drugs with various therapeutic uses, such as antipsychotic, antihistamine, antianginal, antidepressant, anticancer, antiviral, cardio protectors, anti-inflammatory, and imaging agents. Slight modification to the substitution pattern on the piperazine nucleus facilitates a recognizable difference in the medicinal potential of the resultant molecules. Piperazine has been used as an antihelmintic drug. Piperazine works by paralyzing the worms. They are then passed in the stool.

Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) is a nucleotide, consisting of a phosphate group, the sugar ribose, and the nucleobase adenine. AMP is an activator of several enzymes in the tissues. In the glycolytic pathway, the enzyme phosphofructokinase is inhibited by ATP but the inhibition is reversed by AMP, the deciding factor for the reaction being the ratio between ATP and AMP. In medicine, AMP is used mainly as an alternative to adenosine for treatment of ischemia and as a tool compound to measure hyperresponsiveness of airways.

Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) is a nucleotide, consisting of a phosphate group, the sugar ribose, and the nucleobase adenine. AMP is an activator of several enzymes in the tissues. In the glycolytic pathway, the enzyme phosphofructokinase is inhibited by ATP but the inhibition is reversed by AMP, the deciding factor for the reaction being the ratio between ATP and AMP. In medicine, AMP is used mainly as an alternative to adenosine for treatment of ischemia and as a tool compound to measure hyperresponsiveness of airways.

Adenosine monophosphate (AMP) is a nucleotide, consisting of a phosphate group, the sugar ribose, and the nucleobase adenine. AMP is an activator of several enzymes in the tissues. In the glycolytic pathway, the enzyme phosphofructokinase is inhibited by ATP but the inhibition is reversed by AMP, the deciding factor for the reaction being the ratio between ATP and AMP. In medicine, AMP is used mainly as an alternative to adenosine for treatment of ischemia and as a tool compound to measure hyperresponsiveness of airways.

Pentaquine is an 8-aminoquinoline that was used in the 1950s to treat malaria and trypanosomiasis. Pentaquine showed no significant sporontocidal activity against P. gallinaceum in Aedes aegypti. In the experimental animals, the antimalarial effect of pentaquine, its pharmacology and toxicology have been investigated (1, 2). Activity, 80 to 128 times that of quinine and two to eight times that of pamaquin in avian malaria. It has adverse effects very similar to those of primaquine. In mammals it is rapidly absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract. In acute, and in short term chronic toxicity studies, pentaquine was from one-fourth to one-half as toxic as pamaquin. In the dog, pamaquin in large doses produces severe anorexia, emaciation and ocular paralysis due to central impairment of the sympathetic innervation of the eye. In high dosages pamaquin produces leukopenia, neutropenia, anemia, methemoglobinemia, emaciation, depression, and liver damage in the monkey, effects which are not produced with pentaquine in this species.