Carfluzepic Acid is benzodiazepine derivative with tranquilizing, anticonvulsant, and anxiolytic activity patented by pharmaceutical company C. M. Industries S. A.

Arhalofenate is a uricosuric drug which lowers serum urate by blocking its reabsorption by the proximal tubules of the kidney. Arhalofenate activity is mediated by inhibition of URAT1, OAT4 and OAT10. Additionally, arhalofenate has been suggested to exert potent anti-inflammatory activity. Arhalofenate has completed Phase 2 and is ready to advance to Phase 3 as a novel potential treatment for gout. The drug was also tested in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (phase III study), where it demonstrated its ability to lower glucose level, acting as a selective, partial PPAR-gamma agonist. However, the development of arhalofenate as an anti-diabetic drug was terminated.

Neladenoson bialanate (BAY1067197) is the first oral partial and highly selective A1R agonist that has entered clinical development for the treatment of heart failure. Neladenoson bialanate maintains the cardioprotective effects of adenosine without the undesired side effects of a full agonist. Of particular importance in this clinical development is the potential influence of concomitant use of β-blockers as they have the potential to increase the risk of AV conduction abnormalities with A1R agonist treatment. Two small phase 2a pilot studies evaluating the short-term safety of neladenoson bialanate in patients with HFrEF pretreated with β-blockers have recently completed, and the results are pending (ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT02040233 and NCT01945606). In a small phase 1 trial in healthy volunteers pretreated with the β-blocker metoprolol succinate, a single 50 mg oral dose of neladenoson bialanate administered together with metaprolol succinate was found to be well tolerated. Notably, no higher degree AV block, prolongation of the PR interval, or relevant decreases in heart rate or systemic blood pressure were observed.

R-1206 (also known as Elsulfavirine) is a phenylacetamide derivative patented by Roche Palo Alto LLC as non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) for treating retroviral infections. R-1206 is the prodrug of the active compound VM-1500A, a small molecule selective NNRTI, which prevents HIV replication. The antiviral activity of R-1206 is broad, with activity demonstrated towards various viral strains and clinical isolates of HIV, including those resistant to other NNRTIs. Furthermore, R-1206 was associated with a low probability of cross-resistance or resistance development, and a high genetic barrier to the development of resistant drug mutations. In clinical trials, R-1206 20 and 40 mg demonstrated superiority to efavirenz in terms of the effectiveness to reduce the level of viral load to 400 copies/mL after 12 weeks of therapy. R-1206 20 mg once daily is generally well tolerated in ART-naive HIV-1 infected patients.

8-Chloroadenosine-3',5'-cyclic-monophosphate (8-Cl-cAMP), an analog of c-AMP, is a novel antineoplastic agent. It has been shown to be effective against different human cancer cell lines modulating the cellular signal transduction pathway, thereby causing growth inhibition, cell differentiation, and apoptosis. 8-Cl-cAMP preferentially binds to the R2 subunit of protein kinase A (PKA) and induces rapid R2 up-regulation and eventual R1 subunit down-regulation. It has potent inhibitory effects on a wide variety of human cancer cell lines, with an IC50 ranging from 0.1 to 20 uM. The IC50 falls with the length of drug exposure. It can suppress c-myc and c-ras proto-oncogenes in vitro and in vivo. It was shown that 8-Cl-cAMP induces cell growth inhibition through AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation with p38 MAPK acting downstream of AMPK in this signaling pathway. 8-Cl-cAMP induced apoptosis, apparently through activation of the p38 MAPK pathway by inducing progressive phosphorylation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), via activation of AMPK by its metabolite 8-Cl-adenosine. 8-Cl-cAMP does not significantly inhibit the growth of NIH 3T3 cells, rat kidney fibroblasts, mammary epithelial cells, or peripheral blood lymphocytes, nor does it inhibit the growth of parental cells whose progeny have been transformed. Such selectivity makes it an attractive candidate for cancer therapy suggesting that it should not cause the toxicity of conventional cytotoxic agents but should inhibit tumor growth. 8-Cl-cAMP has been evaluated in phase I/II clinical trials.

Bifepramide, (+)- belong to the class of parasympatholytic agents that reduce the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system.

AstraZeneca developed disufenton (NXY-059), a free radical trapping agent, for the treatment of ischaemic stroke and other brain injuries. Nevertheless, large clinical trial (3306 versus 1722 patients) was neutral, providing no evidence for the efficacy of disufenton sodium in patients with stroke. One study using rat cortical brain slices concluded that NXY-059 improved neuronal survival. However, another study in mouse neuroblastoma cells reported no effect. Another study reported that NXY-059 restored endothelial blood-brain. Histological analyses revealed several therapeutic advantages associated with disufenton sodium treatment following acute acoustic trauma, including reductions in inner and outer hair cell loss; reductions in acute acoustic trauma-induced loss of calretinin-positive afferent nerve fibers in the spiral lamina; and reductions in fibrocyte loss within the spiral ligament. However, AstraZeneca terminated the development program.

Ormaplatin (NSC 363812, tetraplatin) is a stable platinum (IV) analog. Ormaplatin alkylates DNA, forming both inter- and intra-strand platinum-DNA crosslinks, which result in inhibition of DNA replication and transcription and cell-cycle nonspecific cytotoxicity. Ormaplatin showed marked antitumor activity both in vitro and vivo. The severe, cumulative and irreversible peripheral neurotoxicity observed in phase I studies resulted in termination of further clinical development of ormaplatin.