Diisopropyl adipate, a skin's surface lubricant, is used to dissolve other substances in cosmetics and personal care products, for example, in LADYS CHOICE INVISIBLE SOLID ANTIPERSPIRANT DEODORANT CUCUMBER MELON. In addition, diisopropyl adipate is an inactive ingredient of JUBLIA (efinaconazole), which is used for topical treatment of onychomycosis of the toenail(s) due to Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes.

Adipic acid has been incorporated into controlled-release formulation matrix tablets to obtain a pH-independent release for both weakly basic and weakly acidic drugs. It has also been incorporated into the polymeric coating of hydrophilic monolithic systems to modulate the intragel pH, resulting in zero-order release of hydrophilic drugs. The disintegration at intestinal pH of the enteric polymer shellac has been reported to improve when adipic acid was used as a pore-forming agent without affecting release in the acidic media. Adipic acid is used to make bisobrin an antifibrinolytic.

Palmitic acid is a saturated fatty acid, the principal constituent of refined palm oil, present in the diet and synthesized endogenously. Palmitic acid is able to activate the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR40. Palmitic acid was also a weak ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. Palmitic acid is a ligand of lipid chaperones - the fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs). Dietary palm oil and palmitic acid may play a role in the development of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases and cancer.

Linalool (3,7-dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol) is a very fragrant component of various herbs such as lavender, mint, and coriander that can be a potent skin irritant, causing contact dermatitis in some sensitive individuals. Linalool is used as a scent in perfumed hygiene products and cleaning agents including soaps, detergents, shampoos, and lotions. Linalool is used by pest professionals as a flea, fruit fly, and cockroach insecticide. It can also be used a method of pest control for codling moths. Linalool creates a synergistic effect with the codling moth's pheromone called codlemone, which increases the attraction of males. Linalool can be absorbed by inhalation of its aerosol and by oral intake or skin absorption, potentially causing irritation, pain and allergic reactions.

Diethyl sebacate is a diethyl ester of sebacic acid. Diethyl sebacate is widely used in the plastics industry and in petroleum lubricant manufacture as an antiwear additive. In the food industry it is used as a flavoring agent.

CTI-01 (ethyl pyruvate) is an investigational anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of critical inflammatory conditions. CTI-01 was developed by Critical Therapeutics as a stable prodrug of pyruvate, a potent antioxidant, and a free radical scavenger. The drug showed an anti-inflammatory and tissue protection activity in animal models of pancreatitis, ischemia-reperfusion injury, sepsis, renal injury, and endotoxemia. CTI-01 was investigated in phase 2 clinical trials on patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, but despite positive results in animal models, administration of EP does not appear to confer any benefit to cardiac surgical patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. Besides clinical applications, ethyl pyruvate is long used as an additive to pharmaceutical preparations and foods, including candy, beverages, and baked goods. It is generally recognized as safe by the FDA.

Ethyl maltol, a key food additive, and flavor enhancer is safe and is the most common sweet-associated component in electronic cigarette liquids. Ethyl maltol binds to human serum albumin (HSA) by situating within subdomain IIA (site I) of HSA.