Lenapenem is an anti-bacterial agent that was tested in late 90's in phase II clinical trials against bacterial infections. Lenapenem was shown to be active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and exerted its therapeutic effect by inhibiting penicillin binding proteins. The development of the drug was terminated due to the safety reason.

Iodoalphionic acid is the contrast medium, which was used for gallbladder examination. It is rarely appeared in the colon and, therefore, rarely masked the gallbladder. The density of the shadow produced by Iodoalphionic acid was greater than that produced by iodophthalein. It was reliable peroral cholecystographic medium, which was less objectionable to take and seldom causes vomiting. Diarrhoea occurred in some cases, but not more often than with tetraiodophenolphthalein. The ingestion of Iodoalphionic acid resulted in low thyroidal radioiodine accumulation for periods ranging from a few weeks to many months.

The anticholinergic agent Flutropium is a classic competitive antagonist of acetylcholine. In in vitro experiments it is more effective than atropine. A poor enteral absorption is to be expected; this can be concluded from the low relative effectiveness after oral administration. After local administration as an aerosol it is superior to atropine with regard to both effectiveness and duration of action. It is used in Japan to treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Flutropium can be described as a preparation which is free of side effects.

Bufuralol is a non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic blocker with high intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. It has affinity for both β1 and β2-adrenergic receptors. It acts as a potent β-adrenoceptor antagonist with partial agonist activity. Bufuralol is primarily metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform CYP2D6, with CYP1A2 and CYP2C19. Activity of bufuralol has been shown to yield antianginal and antihypertensive effects. It appears to have a higher incidence of adverse eflects than with other beta blockers. Bufuralol has been in phase III clinical trials for the treatment of hypertension. However, this research has been discontinued.

Omoconazole is an azole antifungal drug, is used to treat candidiasis; dermatophytes and Pityriasis Versicolor

Cefpirome is a semisynthetic, broad-spectrum, fourth-generation cephalosporin with antibacterial activity. Cefpirome binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall. PBPs are enzymes involved in the terminal stages of assembling the bacterial cell wall and in reshaping the cell wall during growth and division. Inactivation of PBPs interferes with the cross-linkage of peptidoglycan chains necessary for bacterial cell wall strength and rigidity. This results in the weakening of the bacterial cell wall and causes cell lysis. Cefpirome is an injectable extended-spectrum or 'fourth generation' cephalosporin. Its antibacterial activity encompasses many of the pathogens involved in hospital-acquired infections such as Enterobacteriaceae, methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci and viridans group streptococci. Cefpirome also has in vitro activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae regardless of penicillin susceptibility. It is stable against most plasmid- and chromosome-mediated beta-lactamases, with the exception of the extended-spectrum plasmid-mediated SHV enzymes. Intravenous cefpirome 2g twice daily has shown clinical efficacy comparable to that of ceftazidime 2g 3 times daily in the treatment of hospitalised patients with moderate to severe infections. Clinical response and bacteriological eradication rates were similar in patients with severe pneumonia or septicaemia treated with either cefpirome or ceftazidime. Cefpirome appeared more effective than ceftazidime in the eradication of bacteria in patients with febrile neutropenia in 1 study; however, clinical response rates were similar in the 2 treatment groups. The tolerability of cefpirome appears similar to that of ceftazidime and other third generation cephalosporins, diarrhoea being the most frequently observed event. Thus, cefpirome is likely to be a valuable extended-spectrum agent for the treatment of severe infections. Cefpirome offers improved coverage against some Gram-positive pathogens and Enterobacteriaceae producing class I beta-lactamases compared with the third generation cephalosporins, although this has yet to be demonstrated in clinical trials.

Dexibuprofen, S(+)-ibuprofen, is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug and active dextrorotatory enantiomer of ibuprofen. Pharmacotherapeutic effects of dexibuprofen are more potent with lesser side effects than that of the racemic mixture of both isomers. In the acute and chronic treatment of osteoarthritis, it exhibits equivalent efficacy and tolerability as that of celecoxib. Dexibuprofen is a non-selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (COX), which is an enzyme involved in prostaglandin (mediators of pain and fever) and thromboxane (stimulators of blood clotting) synthesis via the arachidonic acid pathway. Dexibuprofen is a non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor and hence, it inhibits the activity of both COX-1 and COX-2. The inhibition of COX-2 activity decreases the synthesis of prostaglandins involved in mediating inflammation, pain, fever, and swelling while the inhibition of COX-1 is thought to cause some of the side effects of Dexibuprofen including GI ulceration. The major disadvantage of dexibuprofen is its low bioavailability, the account of its low solubility in physiological media.

Tetragastrin is a C-terminal tetrapeptide (Trp–Met–Asp–Phe–NH2) of gastrin. It is the smallest peptide fragment of gastrin which has the same physiological and pharmacological activity as gastrin. It is used to test the secretion of digestive juice. It causes severe anxiety symptoms when administered to humans and is commonly used in scientific research to induce panic attacks for the purpose of testing new anxiolytic drugs. Tetragastrin is a selective cholecystokinin B (CCKB) receptor agonist. Tetragastrin is used as a gastric stimulant at a dose of 4 ug/kg, it was marketed in Japan under the brand name Gastopsin.

Gentamicin is an antibiotic of the aminoglycoside group, is derived from the growth of Micromonospora purpurea, an actinomycete. Gentamicin is a complex of three different closely related aminoglycoside sulfates, Gentamicins C1, C2, and C1a that have different patterns of methylation at the 69 position of the ring. Gentamicin C1a is a broad-spectrum antibiotic against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria but may cause ear and kidney damage. Gentamicin C1a binds to the A-site RNA of the 30S bacterial ribosomal subunit. Adverse reactions include adverse renal effects, neurotoxicity (dizziness, vertigo, tinnitus, roaring in the ears, hearing loss, peripheral neuropathy or encephalopathy), respiratory depression, lethargy, confusion, depression, visual disturbances, etc.