Aminoquinol (XIB4035) is a nonpeptidyl small molecule agonist for GFRalpha-1. XIB4035 concentration-dependently inhibited [(125)I]GDNF binding in Neuro-2A cells with an IC(50) of 10.4 uM. GDNF induced autophosphorylation of Ret protein, and promoted neurite outgrowth in Neuro-2A cells. XIB4035, like GDNF, induced Ret autophosphorylation in the Neuro-2A cells. Moreover, XIB4035 promoted neurite outgrowth in a concentration-dependent manner. These results show that XIB4035 may act as an agonist at GFRalpha-1 receptor complex, and mimic neurotrophic effects of GDNF in Neuro-2A cells. It has been shown that topical application of XIB4035 is an effective treatment for small-fiber neuropathy (SFN). Topical application of GFRα/RET receptor signaling modulators may be a unique therapy for SFN, and XIB4035 is a candidate therapeutic agent. Aminoquinol has been also used in the therapy of cutaneous leishmaniasis and lambliasis.

Aminoquinol (XIB4035) is a nonpeptidyl small molecule agonist for GFRalpha-1. XIB4035 concentration-dependently inhibited [(125)I]GDNF binding in Neuro-2A cells with an IC(50) of 10.4 uM. GDNF induced autophosphorylation of Ret protein, and promoted neurite outgrowth in Neuro-2A cells. XIB4035, like GDNF, induced Ret autophosphorylation in the Neuro-2A cells. Moreover, XIB4035 promoted neurite outgrowth in a concentration-dependent manner. These results show that XIB4035 may act as an agonist at GFRalpha-1 receptor complex, and mimic neurotrophic effects of GDNF in Neuro-2A cells. It has been shown that topical application of XIB4035 is an effective treatment for small-fiber neuropathy (SFN). Topical application of GFRα/RET receptor signaling modulators may be a unique therapy for SFN, and XIB4035 is a candidate therapeutic agent. Aminoquinol has been also used in the therapy of cutaneous leishmaniasis and lambliasis.

Aminoquinol (XIB4035) is a nonpeptidyl small molecule agonist for GFRalpha-1. XIB4035 concentration-dependently inhibited [(125)I]GDNF binding in Neuro-2A cells with an IC(50) of 10.4 uM. GDNF induced autophosphorylation of Ret protein, and promoted neurite outgrowth in Neuro-2A cells. XIB4035, like GDNF, induced Ret autophosphorylation in the Neuro-2A cells. Moreover, XIB4035 promoted neurite outgrowth in a concentration-dependent manner. These results show that XIB4035 may act as an agonist at GFRalpha-1 receptor complex, and mimic neurotrophic effects of GDNF in Neuro-2A cells. It has been shown that topical application of XIB4035 is an effective treatment for small-fiber neuropathy (SFN). Topical application of GFRα/RET receptor signaling modulators may be a unique therapy for SFN, and XIB4035 is a candidate therapeutic agent. Aminoquinol has been also used in the therapy of cutaneous leishmaniasis and lambliasis.

Monophosphothiamine is thiamine derivative used for the treatment of neuritis, polyneuritis, asthenic conditions (weakness), as an additional remedy for chronic blood circulation insufficiency, chronic gastritis accompanied by motor and secretory disorders functions of the stomach. Monophosphothiamine underwent metabolic phosphorylation to active metabolite thiamine pyrophosphate, that acts as a coenzyme in the different metabolic process.

NSI-189 is a novel oral drug which was developed by Neuralstem for the treatment of cognitive disorders. Now the drug is being tested in phase II of clinical trials in patients suffering from major depressive disorder. The mechanism of NSI-189 action is explained by its ability to stimulate the generation of new neurons in the hippocampus, however the exact target molecule is still unknown.

TrioxBio's API, S-ethylisothiouronium diethylphosphate, MTR-104 (MTR- 105), is a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor which blocks the production of nitric oxide, preventing the dilation of blood vessels and the other detrimental effects caused by excessive NOS activity. MTR-105, a fast-acting synthetic NOS inhibitor with rapid onset of action when administered parenterally, has been effective in alleviating hypotension experimentally and in several observational studies while reducing NO production. MTR-105 is registered and approved for clinical use in the Republic of Moldova where data have been collected from 434 patients exposed to the drug in pre- and postapproval clinical investigations.

Carbendazim is a broad-spectrum benzimidazole antifungal with potential antimitotic and antineoplastic activities widely used as a fungicide in agriculture and home gardening, and as an antihelminthic in veterinary medicine. As a fungicide, carbendazim used for controls Ascomycetes, Fungi Imperfecti, and Basidiomycetes on a wide variety of crops, including bananas, cereals, cotton, fruits, grapes, mushrooms, ornamentals, peanuts, sugarbeet, soybeans, tobacco, and vegetables. Carbendazim is a chemically stable and relatively persistent fungicide which only metabolizes to a limited extent in plants and in soil. The only detected metabolite is 2-aminobenzimidazole, which constitutes less than 5% of the total residues in leaves. Carbendazim may be anticipated to metabolize in the animal into hydroxylated analogues which may appear in meat and milk products. Carbendazim acts as a mitotic poison by altering tubulin binding and microtubule formation. This has been proposed as a possible mechanism of action for the developmental abnormalities seen in animal studies with high concentrations.