Xamoterol (ICI 118,587) is a partial agonist of beta1-adrenoceptors. Xamoterol acts on the cardiac beta 1-adrenergic receptor, modifies the response of the heart to variations in sympathetic activity. At rest, it produces modest improvements in cardiac contractility, relaxation, and filling without increase in myocardial oxygen demand. The improvements are maintained during exercise although the attendant tachycardia is attenuated. The beneficial effects of xamoterol on both systolic and diastolic function suggested that it would be effective in patients with mild-to-moderate heart failure, and this was demonstrated in small placebo-controlled studies where effort tolerance and symptoms were improved. Xamoterol produced improvements in exercise capacity, clinical signs, symptoms and quality of life with a low incidence of adverse experiences. Xamoterol is effective as monotherapy in heart failure.

Isoconazole is structurally related to miconazole and econazole and was synthesized by Janssen Pharmaceutica. The compound has been marketed in several countries, but not in the United States. It has broad-spectrum activity in vitro against dermatophytes, pathogenic yeasts, pathogenic filamentous fungi, gram-positive bacteria, and trichomonads . The mode of action appears to include rapid reduction in ATP concentrations caused by damage to the fungal cell membrane. Isoconazole interacted with the cell wall and caused convolutions and wrinkles. Isoconazole also inhibited the enzyme-catalyzed release of spheroplasts from young yeast cells. A recent study has demonstrated that application of the free base of isoconazole in combination with a volatile/nonvolatile vehicle, e.g., ethanol/propylene glycol, can increase drug bioavailability in the skin. This observation may lead to newer formulations of isoconazole and broaden its use for topical (e.g., spray) treatment of yeast and dermatophytic infections. Dermatophytic Isoconazole has been developed and marketed primarily as a once-a-day, topical anti-Candida agent for the treatment of vaginal candidiasis. Studies evaluating isoconazole have demonstrated that 80 to 90% of patients with vaginal candidiasis who were treated once a day with the drug remained clinically and mycologically cured. Following insertion of two 300-mg tablets, concentrations of isoconazole in the vagina remained above minimum inhibitory and minimum fungicidal levels for at least 72 h. Isoconazole has been developed and marketed primarily as a once-a-day, topical anti-Candida agent for the treatment of vaginal candidiasis. In clinical studies, very little of the drug entered the blood after a single vaginal application of a 600-mg dose; the same dose did not adversely affect intestinal flora by inducing a proliferation of yeast like species following prolonged administration. Studies evaluating demonstrated that 80 90% of patients.

Minopafant (E5880) is a novel platelet activating factor receptor antagonist. Minopafant had been in phase II clinical trials by Eisai in Japan for the treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation. However, this research has been discontinued.

Tinoridine is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent. This agent has been proved pharmacologically to show antiedematous and analgesic actions. The mechanism of the anti-inflammatory action of Tinoridine is attributed to its biomembrane stabilizing action particularly on the lysosomes which are related to cell or tissue damage at the time of inflammation through the release of hydrolytic enzymes. Tinoridine may produce gastrointestinal disorders (nausea, loss of appetite, diarrhea, and constipation), vertigo drowsiness, dry mouth and itching.

Picoperine (Coben) is an antitussive agent.

Noxiptiline (brand names Agedal, Elronon, Nogedal), is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) that was introduced in Europe in the 1970s for the treatment of depression. In a double-blind comparison of noxiptiline and amitriptyline in hospitalized patients with primary depressive illness for 3-6 weeks there were no significant differences, but noxiptiline had a faster onset of action. A comparison with imipramine also showed no difference in therapeutic efficacy. As regards adverse effects, noxiptiline seemed to cause more mental symptoms, such as delirium. In one study in 44 patients, 9 developed delirium, there were mild manic symptoms in 6, dry mouth in 21, disturbed micturition in 2. and difficulty in accommodation in 3.

Binedaline is a drug that was investigated as an antidepressant in the 1980s. It`s development for the treatment of major depressive disorder was discontinued. It acts as a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (Ki = 25 nM), with relatively insignificant influence on the serotonin (Ki = 847 nM) and dopamine (Ki >= 2 µM) transporters.

Cefbuperazone (cefalosporin antibiotic) is marketed under the brand name Keiperazon by Kaken, and Tomiproan by Toyama, Japan. It is powder for injection 0.5 and 1 g/ampoule. It is indicated to treat infections with susceptible microorganisms. It has been proposed especially against Pseudomonas infections. Cefbuperazone binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall.

Manidipine is a lipophilic, third-generation dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist with a high degree of selectivity for the vasculature, thereby inducing marked peripheral vasodilation with negligible cardiodepression. In addition, manidipine does not significantly affect norepinephrine levels, suggesting a lack of sympathetic activation. It has a gradual onset of action and a long duration of action enabling once daily administration. Furthermore, manidipine dilates both the efferent and the afferent renal arterioles and appears to have beneficial renal effects unrelated to its antihypertensive effect. Once-daily oral manidipine is an effective and generally well tolerated antihypertensive agent for younger and elderly adult patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension. In particular, in a large double-blind trial, the incidence of ankle oedema was significantly lower in manidipine than in amlodipine recipients. Manidipine is also effective in hypertensive patients with comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or renal impairment, and appears to improve insulin sensitivity without affecting metabolic function. Thus, manidipinerepresents a first-line treatment option for patients with essential mild-to-moderate hypertension.

Benzyldimethyl(2-(2-((4-(1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl)-O-Tolyl)Oxy)Ethoxy)Ethyl)Ammonium colloquially known as Methylbenzethonium Chloride has been used in the study stem cell death-inducing small molecules as well as anti-leishmanial activity. It is a component of the pharmaceutical preparation 'Leshctan' antibacterial ointment in Isreal.