Undecanoic acid (UDA) is a fatty acid with significant antimycotic activity. Undecanoic acid is a straight-chain, eleven-carbon saturated medium-chain fatty acid found in body fluids; the most fungitoxic of the C7:0 - C18:0 fatty acid series. It has a role as a human metabolite and an antifungal agent. It is a straight-chain saturated fatty acid and a medium-chain fatty acid. It is a conjugate acid of an undecanoate. It derives from a hydride of an undecane. Undecanoic acid inhibited the production of exocellular lipase and keratinase but stimulated the production of exocellular phospholipase A in T. rubrum undecanoic acid-resistant mutant (udar). At its minimum inhibitory concentration, undecanoic acid inhibits biosynthesis of phosphatidyl serine, phosphatidyl ethanolamine and polyphosphoinositol but does not inhibit the synthesis of phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl inositol and phosphatidic acid in Trichophyton rubrum. At higher concentration, however UDA inhibits biosynthesis of all phosphatides present in this dermatophyte. UDA also affects catabolism of these phosphatides. This inhibitory effect of UDA may be partially responsible for its toxic action on T. rubrum.

Tebufenozide, a non-steroidal insect growth regulator, is extensively used to control pests. It is considered an environmentally friendly pesticide due to its specificity on target insects. However, some studies have found that tebufenozide is cytotoxic to man, although the exact mechanism is unknown. Experiments with human cells have shown that tebufenozide induced DNA damage in HeLa cells. This effect was achieved by inducing the cell cycle arrest and by apoptosis through activating the p53 protein in a Bax- and Bcl-2-triggered mitochondrial pathway.

Eucatropine is known as an anticholinergic agent, which acts as antagonist of muscarinic cholinergic receptors.

Pyrithiobac sodium (also known as PE350) is a carboxyphenylthiodimethoxypyrimidine derivative patented by Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. and Ihara Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. as herbicide and commercialized for uses in cotton cultivation. Pyrithiobac acts as a potent inhibitor of Acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS), also known as acetolactate synthase, that catalyzes the first reaction in the pathway for synthesis of the branched-chain amino acids. Pyrithiobac is applied POST at 70 g/ha in cotton (1- to 2-leaf stage) for effective control of several broadleaf weeds such as Xatithium stmmarium, Ipomoea spp., Abutilon theophrasli, Sesbania exaltata (hemp sesbania), Salvia reflexa, Sida spinosa, Amaranthus spp., etc. When applied at this rate, wheat, soybean and grain sorghum may be rotated with cotton with no crop toxicity to these crops. Cotton is very tolerant of Pyrithiobac even at rates as high as 112 g/ha. It may also be applied PPI or PRE in cotton to control Cassia occidentalis, a troublesome broadleaf weed. Higher rates cause injury to cotton. However, caution may need to be exercised, as insecticides (malathion, fenvalerate, methomyl, chlorpyriphos, etc.) applied along with Pyrithiobac, as mixtures are likely to make cotton sensitive to the herbicide.

Hydroxypyridine tartrate, a tartaric ester that was used as a peripheral vasodilator.

Trigonelline is a pyridine derivative known to contribute indirectly to the formation of desirable flavor products, including furans, pyrazine, alkyl-pyridines, and pyrroles, during coffee roasting. The amount of trigonelline in arabica is higher than that in robusta green coffee beans, and thus it can be used as a marker compound to distinguish the coffee bean species. During the roasting process of coffee beans, trigonelline changes into N-methylpyridinium and nicotinic acid as its major products, which makes it a useful index of the degree of roasting. The importance of trigonelline in coffee is connected to nutritional aspects. It has been revealed in recent studies that the administration of trigonelline allows diabetic rats to avoid diabetes-related organ damage and live longer, which can make it a potentially strong candidate for industrial application as a pharmacological agent for the treatment of hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and liver/kidney dysfunctions. In addition, the urinary concentrations of trigonelline and its thermal product N-methylpyridinium of coffee drinkers are higher than those of noncoffee drinkers, which indicates that trigonelline and N-methylpyridinium may have potential as dietary biomarkers that could be used as analytical probes to control compliance in human intervention studies on coffee. Trigonelline has been isolated from many plants: fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum-graecum, hence the name), garden peas, hemp seed, oats, potatoes, Stachys species, dahlia, Strophanthus species, and Dichapetalum cymosum. In a randomized cross-over trial, the critical effect of Trigonelline on glucose tolerance has been studied during a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in 15 overweight men. Results showed that glucose and insulin concentrations significantly reduced 15minutes after Trigonelline consumption compared with placebo.

Ticabesone is a thioetianic acid derivative patented by Syntex, Inc. as anti-inflammatory agent. The topical antiinflammatory activity of Ticabesone was assessed in humans by vasoconstriction assay.