Emapunil acts as a selective agonist at the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (TSPO). At the cellular level, the selective TSPO ligand XBD173 potentiated the amplitude and duration of GABA-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic currents in mouse medial prefrontal cortical neurons, which was prevented by finasteride. In animal and human trials, XBD173 produced rapid anxiolytic and anti-panic effects probably via newly synthesized neurosteroids, without producing sedation or withdrawal symptoms, and may represent a promising target for the development of fast-acting anxiolytics with a more favourable side-effect profile than benzodiazepines.

Divaplon is one of a series of imidazopyrimidine derivatives, which are benzodiazepine receptor ligands. This compound exhibits anxiolytic and anticonvulsant activity but little or no sedative/myorelaxant effects. Divaplon occupied a large percentage of benzodiazepine receptors, as measured with an in vivo binding technique, without inducing any deficit in a rotating drum task in mice, and it is suggested that divaplon is a partial agonist at GABA receptors. No significant anticonvulsant tolerance was seen with the divaplon.

Nisbuterol, a nicotinic acid ester, is a bronchodilator.

Salantel was used in veterinary as an anthelmintic agent. Information about the current use of this compound is not available.

Proadifen is an inhibitor of drug metabolism and cytochrome P450 enzyme system activity. It stimulated the release of prostacyclin (PGI2) from the rabbit aorta, bovine aorta and human umbilical vein in vitro, but had no effect on cultured smooth muscle from the bovine aortic media. In human platelets, proadifen inhibited prostaglandin and thromboxane production induced by A23187, thrombin, and ADP. Proadifen might thus constitute the prototype of a new class of antiplatelet drugs.

Nitrazepate is the diazepam derivative. Nitrazepate is tranquiliser.

Hydroxyprocaine was invented as a local anesthetic drug that possessed the antibacterial properties. Information about the current use of this drug is not available.

Drobuline is a potent cardiac depressant (anti-arrhythmic) agent, which has been found to be effective against ventricular arrhythmias in dogs. This compound is a racemic mixture having a single center of optical activity. The two isomers of drobuline were found to be equally potent in converting cardiac arrhythmias in dogs after intravenous administration. The major route of biotransformation of drobuline in the dog was shown to be conjugation with glucuronic acid.

Naveglitazar is an oral dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist, which was under development with Ligand Pharmaceuticals for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Naveglitazar is a nonthiozolidinedione peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α-γ dual, γ-dominant agonist that has shown glucose-lowering potential in animal models and in the clinic. Naveglitazar had been in phase II clinical trials for the once-daily oral treatment of type 2 diabetes, however, the development was discontinued.

Aglepristone (RU 46534) is a competitive progesterone antagonist; it binds to progesterone receptors (PRs) without inducing the molecular cascade associated with progesterone. Its affinity to PRs is higher than progesterone (3.12, 3.8, and 9.26 times greater in the bitch, doe rabbit,and queen, respectively). Aglepristone can therefore beused in various progesterone-dependent physiological orpathologic conditions, with the aim of blocking the action of progesterone. Aglepristone has proven to be an effective and safe means of inducing pregnancy termination or parturition in a large number of domestic species. In domestic species, aglepristone is routinely used for the treatment of pyometra and feline mammary fibroadenomatous hyperplasia, both of which are progesterone dependent. Aglepristone is marketed under the brand name Alizin used as the treatment option for unwanted mating and pregnancy in dogs