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Restrict the search for
dimethyl fumarate
to a specific field?
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
CANOPAR by ZYF Pharm Chemical
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Conditions:
Cholinergic anthelmintic, Thenium is used against dog and cat hookworms.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)
Targets:
Conditions:
N,N-Dimethylcarbamoylmethyl alpha,2-dimethyl-5H-[1]- benzopyrano[2,3-b]pyridine-7-acetate (Y-23023/ Tilnoprofen arbamel) is a prodrug developed as a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), by Yoshitomi and Japan Tobacco for treatment pain in Rheumatoid arthritis, but was discontinued. Y-23023 is rapidly hydrolysed to an active metabolite, alpha,2-dimethyl-5H-[1]benzopyrano[2,3-b]pyridine-7-acetic acid (TILNOPROFENIC ACID), cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)
Conditions:
Etilefrine is a cardiac stimulant used as an antihypotensive. Intravenous infusion of this compound increases cardiac output, stroke volume, venous return and blood pressure in man and experimental animals, suggesting stimulation of both α and β adrenergic receptors. However, in vitro studies indicate that etilefrine has a much higher affinity for β1 (cardiac) than for β2 adrenoreceptors. Intravenous etilefrine increases the pulse rate, cardiac output, stroke volume, central venous pressure and mean arterial pressure of healthy individuals. Marked falls in pulse rate, cardiac output, stroke volume and peripheral bloodflow, accompanied by rises in mean arterial pressure, occur when etilefrine is infused after administration of intravenous propranolol 2,5 mg. These findings indicate that etilefrine has both β1 and α1 adrenergic effects in man. The French Health Products Agency concluded that etilefrine and heptaminol have an unfavourable harm-benefit balance, and also placed restrictions on the use of midodrine.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
Amantanium bromide
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Amantanium is a quaternary ammonium antibacterial/antifungal agent. It was developed by Italian company Rotta Research in the 1980s, and marketed under tradename Amantol for the topical therapy of mucous and cutaneous infections.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
Captagon by Gerda [France]
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)
Fenethylline (generic name Captagon) is a codrug of amphetamine and theophylline. In the fenetylline molecule, theophylline is covalently linked with amphetamine via an alkyl chain. It was formerly used to treat conditions such as ADHD, narcolepsy, and depression, but its use has been banned because of the potential for abuse. Amphetamine, an agonist for trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) with enhancing dopamine signaling (an increase of irritability, aggression, etc.), is the main cause of Captagon addiction. Theophylline, an antagonist that blocks adenosine receptors (e.g. A2aR) in the brain responsible for restlessness and painlessness, may attenuate the behavioral sensitization caused by amphetamine. Fenethylline is included in a list of compounds to be considered by a World Health Organization (WHO) Expert Committee in April 1985 for possible international scheduling under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances, 1971. Fenethylline re-emerged because of its widespread abuse by Middle Eastern young adults. Terrorist groups such as the Islamic State to enhance what they consider desirable characteristics - aggressiveness, alertness, and fearlessness - in their recruits, promote it.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Conditions:
Tebipenem pivoxil is an oral carbapenem prodrug that was originated by Wyeth (now Pfizer). It was approved by Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency of Japan (PMDA) on Apr 22, 2009. It was developed and marketed as Orapenem® by Meiji Seika in Japan. Tebipenem pivoxil is a broad-spectrum orally-administered antibiotic, from the carbapenem subgroup of β-lactam antibiotics. Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, which act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. It is used to treat otorhinolaryngological infection, otitis media and bacterial pneumonia. Orapenem® is available as granules for oral use, containing 100 mg Tebipenem pivoxil/g granules. According to the weight of children, 4 mg/kg, and twice a day after dinner.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
NCT01956409: Phase 4 Interventional Unknown status Breast Cancer Diagnosis
(2012)
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Fluorocholine-F18 is a tracer for positron emission tomography that can be used in oncology for the evaluation of metastatic prostate cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and recurrent brain tumor. After crossing the cell membrane by a carrier-mediated mechanism, Fluorocholine-F18 is converted to cytidinediphosphatecholine and incorporated into phosphatidylcholine which is a component of the cell membrane. This process has been found to be upregulated in malignant cells, providing a mechanism for the enhanced accumulation of radiolabelled choline by neoplasms.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Conditions:
Tebipenem pivoxil is an oral carbapenem prodrug that was originated by Wyeth (now Pfizer). It was approved by Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency of Japan (PMDA) on Apr 22, 2009. It was developed and marketed as Orapenem® by Meiji Seika in Japan. Tebipenem pivoxil is a broad-spectrum orally-administered antibiotic, from the carbapenem subgroup of β-lactam antibiotics. Carbapenems are a class of beta-lactam antibiotics, which act by inhibiting the synthesis of the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell walls. It is used to treat otorhinolaryngological infection, otitis media and bacterial pneumonia. Orapenem® is available as granules for oral use, containing 100 mg Tebipenem pivoxil/g granules. According to the weight of children, 4 mg/kg, and twice a day after dinner.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
SEVISTA by Central Drug Research Institute
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)
Levormeloxifene (INN) is an experimental selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that was being developed as an alternative to estrogen replacement therapy for the treatment and prevention of postmenopausal bone loss. Levormeloxifene is the levorotatory enantiomer of non-hormonal, non-steroidal oral contraceptive -- ormeloxifene (trade names Novex-DS, Centron, and Sevista). The development of Levormeloxifene was stopped because of a high incidence of gynecologic adverse events during clinical trials.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
NCT02237937: Phase 4 Interventional Unknown status Major Depression
(2011)
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Amitriptylinoxide (amitriptyline N-oxide, Amioxid, Ambivalon) is a tricyclic antidepressant, which was introduced in Europe in the 1970s for the treatment of depression. Amitriptylinoxide (AMINO) produces similar effects to the drug Amitriptyline (AMI), which makes sense because it is a metabolite of Amitriptyline. AMINO and AMI potentiate the depletion of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) induced by p-chloroamphetamine in the rat brain and it may be considered as evidence that both drugs do not inhibit 5-HT uptake in vivo. Neither AMINO nor AMI affects the rat brain level of 5-HT but at higher doses they elevate the 5-hydroxy-indoleacetic acid concentrations. AMINO antagonizes the head twitch reaction induced by 5-hydroxytryptophan in mice and tryptamine convulsions in rats. The hyperthermia induced by fenfluramine (in rats at a high ambient temperature) as well as the stimulation of the hind limb flexor reflex in spinal rats, induced by fenfluramine or LSD, are also inhibited. AMINO antagonizes the 5-HT-induced increase in blood pressure in pithed rats. All the above effects are similar to those induced by AMI, only the active doses of AMINO are higher. The results presented indicate that AMINO, like AMI, inhibits NA uptake and is a 5-HT antagonist. Amitriptylinoxide is considered to work more quickly with fewer side effects than Amitriptyline and is regarded as being equal in terms of efficacy. The way the drug works is nearly identical to Amitriptyline, except it affects the Alpha-1 receptors to a significantly lesser extent (60x less) and has among the weakest effects on acetylcholine receptors. Half maximal inhibition of acetylcholine receptor binding occurred for amitriptylinoxide at 18 mumol/l (amitriptyline: 0.32 mumol/l). Comparing all studied antidepressants for muscarinic acetylcholine receptor binding, amitriptylinoxide had the weakest affinity of all tested tricyclic compounds. Also the affinity of amitriptylinoxide for alpha-receptor binding was about 60 fold less than that of amitriptyline. For all antidepressants investigated, the lowest affinities were found for benzodiazepine, opiate and beta-receptor binding. The weak affinities of amitriptylinoxide for various receptors may be responsible for its reduced side-effects, while it still retains potent antidepressant properties by stabilising the amitriptyline-level in the brain.
