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Restrict the search for
dimethyl fumarate
to a specific field?
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
Unknown by Brockmann, H. et al.
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Hypericin (4,5,7,4',5',7'-hexahydroxy-2,2'-dimethylnaphtodianthrone) is a naturally occurring chromophore found in some species of the genus Hypericum, especially Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John's wort), and in some basidiomycetes (Dermocybe spp.) or endophytic fungi (Thielavia subthermophila). Among its antidepressant and light-dependent antiviral actions, hypericin is a powerful natural photosensitizer that is applicable in the photodynamic therapy (PDT) of various oncological diseases. Hypericin may act as an inhibitor of enzymes such as MAO (monoaminoxidase), PKC (protein kinase C), dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, reverse transcriptase, telomerase and CYP (cytochrome P450), has yielded results supporting therapeutic potential. Research of hypericin and its effect on GABA-activated (gamma amino butyric acid) currents and NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartat) receptors also indicate the therapeutic potential of this substance whereby new insights in stroke research (apoplexy) are expected. Topical SGX301 (synthetic hypericin as a potent photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy) is in phase 3 for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
NCT04111315: Phase 4 Interventional Recruiting Low Back Pain
(2019)
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Conditions:
Dipyrone, also known as Metamizole (INN), is an ampyrone sulfonate analgesic, antispasmodic and antipyretic. It was withdrawn from US market in 1977 on the basis of reports of agranulocytosis. Depyrone is still used to treat severe and diffucult for relieving pains of different origin; headache, tooth-ache, pains in the joints, muscles, following traumas and operations, gall and kidney colics, neurites, neuralgias, traumatic cerebrasthenia; inflammation of upper respiratory ways of microbial or virus origin; chorea; febrile states. Mechanism of action of dipyrone is complex. It is believed that dipyrone exerts its action by inhibiting COX-3, and activates opioid and cannabioid systems either itself, or by products of its metabolic degradation.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
Florispec by Squibb
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Epicillin, a penicillin antibiotic, has never been approved in the USA, however, was studied for the treatment of childhood pneumonia, gonorrhea. Epicillin didn’t show any therapeutic advantages for parenteral treatment over ampicillin. By now, ampicillin remains the best-documented drug.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
SM 10.888 by Sumitimo JPN
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (UNKNOWN)
Targets:
Conditions:
Velnacrine (9-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridin-1-ol) is an inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase. It was studied for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease however development was discontinued. There has been no research into the use of velnacrine as a cognitive enhancer in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease since 1994. The FDA peripheral and CNS drug advisory board voted unanimously against recommending approval. This review shows the toxic nature of velnacrine, and provides no evidence of efficacy.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (MIXED)
Targets:
Conditions:
Naftidrofuryl (INN), also known as nafronyl or as the oxalate salt naftidrofuryl oxalate or nafronyl oxalate, is a vasodilator used in the management of peripheral and cerebral vascular disorders. The drug act as a selective antagonist of 5-HT2 receptors. Naftidrofuryl is marketed under a variety of trade names, including Artocoron, Azunaftil, Di-Actane, Dusodril, Enelbin, Frilix, Gevatran, Iridus, Iridux, Luctor, Nafti, Naftoling, Naftodril, Nafoxal, Praxilene, Sodipryl retard, and Vascuprax. Praxilene belongs to a group of medicines known as ‘metabolic activators’. These are used to treat different types of blood circulation problems. Praxilene allows the body to make better use of the oxygen in your blood. Praxilene is used to treat the following symptoms: cramp-like pains; cramps in legs at night; severe pain in r legs when people are resting (rest pain); pale or blue fingers or toes which get worse when it is cold; numbness, tingling or burning feelings in the fingers or toes (Raynaud’s syndrome or acrocyanosis); open sores on the legs or feet (trophic ulcers); poor circulation caused by diabetes (diabetic arteriopathy).
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
NCT01520285: Phase 4 Interventional Completed Hypertension
(2011)
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)
Conditions:
Lercanidipine is antihypertensive drugs which acts by blocking L-type calcium channels, allowing relaxation and opening of blood vessels. Lercanidipine exists as a racemate, with anti-hypertensive activity residing primarily in S-enantiomer. NDA for lercanidipine was submitted to FDA in 2002 by Forest Laboratories, but FDA refused to approve the drug, and lercanidipine is not marketed in USA. Lercanidipine is also investigated in preclinical models of epilepsy and ischemic stroke.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
Captagon by Gerda [France]
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (UNKNOWN)
Fenethylline (generic name Captagon) is a codrug of amphetamine and theophylline. In the fenetylline molecule, theophylline is covalently linked with amphetamine via an alkyl chain. It was formerly used to treat conditions such as ADHD, narcolepsy, and depression, but its use has been banned because of the potential for abuse. Amphetamine, an agonist for trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) with enhancing dopamine signaling (an increase of irritability, aggression, etc.), is the main cause of Captagon addiction. Theophylline, an antagonist that blocks adenosine receptors (e.g. A2aR) in the brain responsible for restlessness and painlessness, may attenuate the behavioral sensitization caused by amphetamine. Fenethylline is included in a list of compounds to be considered by a World Health Organization (WHO) Expert Committee in April 1985 for possible international scheduling under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances, 1971. Fenethylline re-emerged because of its widespread abuse by Middle Eastern young adults. Terrorist groups such as the Islamic State to enhance what they consider desirable characteristics - aggressiveness, alertness, and fearlessness - in their recruits, promote it.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
SEVISTA by Central Drug Research Institute
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)
Levormeloxifene (INN) is an experimental selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that was being developed as an alternative to estrogen replacement therapy for the treatment and prevention of postmenopausal bone loss. Levormeloxifene is the levorotatory enantiomer of non-hormonal, non-steroidal oral contraceptive -- ormeloxifene (trade names Novex-DS, Centron, and Sevista). The development of Levormeloxifene was stopped because of a high incidence of gynecologic adverse events during clinical trials.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Cycloguanil is a dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor and is a metabolite of the antimalarial drug proguanil. The parent drug proguanil was suggested to contribute to the antimalarial activity as well, but the mechanism of action is unknown. Proguanil is a prodrug that is metabolized to its main active metabolite, cycloguanil, mostly via CYP2C19. There is significant variation in proguanil pharmacokinetics.12 CYP2C19 is the predominant enzyme catalyzing the bioactivation of proguanil to cycloguanil. Cycloguanil is one of the few antimalarial drugs that act on both the erythrocytic and on the pre-erythrocytic (hepatic) forms of the malaria parasites. Although cycloguanil is not currently in general use as an antimalarial, the continuing development of resistance to current antimalarial drugs has led to renewed interest in studying the use of cycloguanil in combination with other drugs.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
NCT02173964: Phase 4 Interventional Completed Cancer
(2014)
Source URL:
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Pinaverium, known under the brand name DICETEL, is a spasmolytic agent used for functional gastrointestinal disorders. It is a quaternary ammonium compound that acts as an atypical calcium antagonist to restore normal bowel function. It is shown to relieve GI spasm and pain, transit disturbances and other symptoms related to motility disorders and may be considered as effective first-lline therapy for patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Pinaverium is also used to help relieve symptoms caused by certain disorders of the gallbladder associated with secretion of bile. Pinaverium bromide is the common ingredient in formulations, mostly as oral tablets. Although it is not a currently approved drug by the FDA, pinaverium is available in over 60 countries including Canada. DICETEL® (pinaverium bromide) is a calcium antagonist which inhibits the calcium influx by
blocking the voltage-dependent calcium channel at the smooth muscle cell level. It possesses a high degree of selectivity for the intestinal smooth muscle.
