OSI-027 is an orally bioavailable mammalian inhibitor of mTOR kinase and has antineoplastic activity. OSI-027 binds to and inhibits of the catalytic site of mTOR, which is a central part of two protein complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, which may result in tumor cell apoptosis and a decrease in tumor cell proliferation. OSI-027 is in phase I clinical trial for the investigation on patients with advanced solid tumors or lymphoma.

Resolvin E1 (RvE1 or RX-10001) is a trihydroxy eicosapentaenoic acid metabolite that has a role as an anti-inflammatory agent and a human xenobiotic metabolite. This compound binds to leukotriene B4 (BLT-1) on neutrophils and to ERV-1/ChemR23 on monocyte/macrophages. Resolvin E1 has been shown to reverse experimental periodontitis and dysbiosis in rats. Furthermore, in a murine model of Alzheimer’s disease, Resolvin E1 (in combination with lipoxin A4) decreased neuroinflammation. Resolvin E1 was also suggested as a potential therapeutic target for psoriasis. A phase I clinical trial to test drug safety in healthy volunteers has been completed in 2009.

Acorafloxacin (JNJ-Q2) is a fluoroquinolone that was developed by Furiex Pharmaceuticals (a subsidiary of Forest Laboratories) for the treatment of complicated skin and and soft tissue infections. Acorafloxacin was originally developed by Janssen, then licensed to Furiex Pharmaceuticals (now a part of Actavis). JNJ-Q2 has excellent in vitro and in vivo activity against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. In vitro studies indicate that JNJ-Q2 has potent activity against pathogens responsible for acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI) and community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CABP), such as Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. JNJ-Q2 also has been shown to have a higher barrier to resistance compared to other agents in the class and it remains highly active against drug-resistant organisms, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus, ciprofloxacin-resistant methicillin-resistant S. aureus, and drug-resistant S. pneumoniae. In two Phase II studies, the efficacy of JNJ-Q2 was comparable to linezolid for ABSSSI and moxifloxacin for CABP. Furthermore, JNJ-Q2 was well tolerated, with adverse event rates similar to or less than other fluoroquinolones. Acorafloxacin inhibits MuRF enzyme, required for cell wall synthesis. Acorafloxacin directly inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis by halting the activity of DNA gyrase (responsible for negative helical supercoiling) and DNA topoisomerase IV (responsible for separating the nucleotide strands). Fast track designation and qualified infectious disease product designation (QIDP) was granted by FDA for the treatment of bacterial infections in 2013.

Vidofludimus (SC12267; 4SC-101) is a novel oral immunomodulator inhibiting dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin-17 (IL17A and IL17F) and interferon-gamma. This drug is in the clinical trial for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases and Rheumatoid arthritis.

E-3710 (Z-215) is a new proton pump inhibitor (PPI). E-3710 irreversibly inhibited H(+),K(+)-ATPase activity in pig gastric vesicles with an acidic internal environment. E-3710 is a long-acting inhibitor of gastric acid secretion and a promising novel therapy for acid-related diseases, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease. E-3710 is metabolized through oxidation, reduction and conjugation. Unchanged E-3710 was excreted in urine at trace levels but was not detected in faces. The major isozyme contributing to the oxidation of Z-215, including the formation of Z-215 sulphone, was CYP3A4. It is useful for treating gastroesophageal reflux disease in all CYP2C19 genotypes. E-3710 is in phase II clinical trial for the treatment of erosive esophagitis and gastro-esophageal reflux.

LX-7101 (Lexicon Pharmaceuticals) was advanced to Phase-I clinical trials for treatment open-angle glaucoma or ocular hypertension. This drug is a potent inhibitor of LIM-kinase 2 (LIMK2) kinase and inhibits to less extent LIMK1 and Rho-associated protein kinase 2 (ROCK2).

Squaric acid is a dibasic organic acid and useful intermediate in a variety of synthetic reactions involving the synthesis of photosensitive squarylium dyes and inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatases. Medically, squaric acid dibutyl ester or dibutyl squarate derives from a squaric acid is used for the treatment of warts.