Pipecuronium is a piperazinyl androstane derivative, which is a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent, which was approved under brand name arduan for injection. It is a long-acting neuromuscular blocking agent, indicated as an adjunct to general anesthesia, to provide skeletal muscle relaxation during surgery. Arduan can also be used to provide skeletal muscle relaxation for endotracheal intubation. Pipecuronium undergoes very little metabolism and is excreted by the kidney and the liver. Owing to its relatively long duration of action and to the residual postoperative neuromuscular block (RPONB), the use of pipecuronium was discontinued in the United States and in several European countries. Because of its excellent safety profile, the use of pipecuronium has been maintained in several countries including China, Russia, Brazil, and Hungary, among others. Its safe use, however, is dependent on the availability of a reliable reversal drug. Although widely used, there are concerns with the use of neostigmine for reversal. Arduan is a powerful competitive antagonist of acetylcholine, since it can bind pre- and postsynaptic (N1) receptors of the transmitters.

Pipecuronium is a piperazinyl androstane derivative, which is a non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent, which was approved under brand name arduan for injection. It is a long-acting neuromuscular blocking agent, indicated as an adjunct to general anesthesia, to provide skeletal muscle relaxation during surgery. Arduan can also be used to provide skeletal muscle relaxation for endotracheal intubation. Pipecuronium undergoes very little metabolism and is excreted by the kidney and the liver. Owing to its relatively long duration of action and to the residual postoperative neuromuscular block (RPONB), the use of pipecuronium was discontinued in the United States and in several European countries. Because of its excellent safety profile, the use of pipecuronium has been maintained in several countries including China, Russia, Brazil, and Hungary, among others. Its safe use, however, is dependent on the availability of a reliable reversal drug. Although widely used, there are concerns with the use of neostigmine for reversal. Arduan is a powerful competitive antagonist of acetylcholine, since it can bind pre- and postsynaptic (N1) receptors of the transmitters.

Cetalkonium chloride is a cationic quaternary ammonium surfactant, which is used for the treatment of mouth ulcers and sores (Bonjela trade name). It is also serves as an excipient for the purpose of long-term stabilization of ciclosporin ocular formulation, used in patients with dry eye syndrom (Ikervis trade name). The antibacterial properties of cetalkonium can be explained by its detergent character. Once applied, cetalkonium blocks the survival of biofilm forming bacterias.

Ceftizoxime is a semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic, which can be administered intravenously or intramuscularly. It was sold under brand name, cefizox, but was removed from the US Market in 2007. Cefizox was used to treat different infections, such as lower respiratory tract infections caused by Klebsiella spp.; Proteus mirabilis; Escherichia coli; Haemophilus influenza; urinary tract Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (penicillinase¬ and nonpenicillinase¬producing); Escherichia coli; Pseudomonas spp. Also for treatment of gonorrhea including uncomplicated cervical and urethral gonorrhea caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae; pelvic inflammatory disease caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Escherichia coli or Streptococcus agalactiae; meningitis caused by Haemophilus influenza. In addition, some others infections. Cefizox has also been used successfully in the treatment of a limited number of pediatric and adult cases of meningitis caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae. Infections caused by aerobic gram ¬negative and by mixtures of organisms resistant to other cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, or penicillins have responded to treatment with Cefizox. The bactericidal action of ceftizoxime results from inhibition of the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Bacterial cell wall autolytic enzymes such as autolysins then mediate cell lysis; it is possible that ceftizoxime interferes with an autolysin inhibitor. Ceftizoxime is highly resistant to a broad spectrum of beta -lactamases (penicillinase and cephalosporinase), including Richmond types II, III, TEM, IV, produced by both aerobic and anaerobic gram - positive and gram - negative organisms and I.

Cetalkonium chloride is a cationic quaternary ammonium surfactant, which is used for the treatment of mouth ulcers and sores (Bonjela trade name). It is also serves as an excipient for the purpose of long-term stabilization of ciclosporin ocular formulation, used in patients with dry eye syndrom (Ikervis trade name). The antibacterial properties of cetalkonium can be explained by its detergent character. Once applied, cetalkonium blocks the survival of biofilm forming bacterias.

Azlocillin is a semisynthetic penicillin with broad spectrum of anti-bacterial action. The drug is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive infections and acts by inhibition of penicillin-binding protein (PBP)-dependent bacterial cell wall synthesis. Azlocillin was marketed in the USA under the name Azlin (sodium salt), however, its approval was discontinued.

Bethanidine is a post-ganglionic adrenergic neurone-blocking agent which exerts a marked postural hypotensive effect. The precise mechanism whereby bethanidine causes blockade of adrenergic neurones is unknown. An initial sympathomimetic effect has been demonstrated in man and animals, possibly due to release of catecholamines.

Bayer developed MEZLOCILLIN (previously known as BAYPEN); it is a semisynthetic ampicillin-derived penicillin. Mezlocillin is a penicillin beta-lactam antibiotic used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually gram-positive, organisms. The bactericidal activity of mezlocillin results from the inhibition of cell wall synthesis and is mediated through mezlocillin binding to penicillin binding proteins (PBPs). Mezlocillin is stable against hydrolysis by a variety of beta-lactamases, including penicillinases and cephalosporinases and extended spectrum beta-lactamases. Mezlocillin was poorly absorbed orally and was given either intramuscularly or intravenously. This drug was discontinued in the U.S.

Bayer developed MEZLOCILLIN (previously known as BAYPEN); it is a semisynthetic ampicillin-derived penicillin. Mezlocillin is a penicillin beta-lactam antibiotic used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually gram-positive, organisms. The bactericidal activity of mezlocillin results from the inhibition of cell wall synthesis and is mediated through mezlocillin binding to penicillin binding proteins (PBPs). Mezlocillin is stable against hydrolysis by a variety of beta-lactamases, including penicillinases and cephalosporinases and extended spectrum beta-lactamases. Mezlocillin was poorly absorbed orally and was given either intramuscularly or intravenously. This drug was discontinued in the U.S.

Zomepirac Sodium (Zomax) is a pyrrole-acetic acid structurally related to tolmetin sodium. Zomepirac is a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor and is not an opioid, an opioid antagonist, or a salicylate. Zomepirac was approved by the Food and Drug Administration for marketing in the United States as an analgesic. It was indicated for all forms of mild to moderately severe pain, and was being promoted as a "comprehensive, non-addicting analgesic." Later Zomepirac was found to be associated with fatal and near-fatal anaphylactoid reactions. The manufacturer voluntarily removed Zomax tablets from the Canadian, US, and UK markets in March 1983.