Fluorescein Lisicol (NRL972) is a fluorescent-labelled bile acid analog that is used as an investigational marker for liver function, specifically hepatic biliary transporter function. Fluorescein Lisicol has been used in trials investigating the pharmacokinetics of hepatic cirrhosis, viral hepatitis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Ganglefene is a coronary vasodilator. This n-cholinoblocker was originally studied for its effects on coronary circulation in angina pectoris. Animal studies have also shown shortened recovery period of motor functions after ganglefene administration. One rodent study showed that modulation of the n-cholinergic system by ganglefene in the developing fetal brain leads to changes in the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of elements of sexual behavior in pubescent offspring.

PG-545 is a heparan sulfate (HS) mimetic that inhibits tumour angiogenesis by sequestering angiogenic growth factors in the extracellular matrix (ECM), thus limiting subsequent binding to receptors. Importantly, PG-545 also inhibits heparanase, the only endoglycosidase which cleaves HS chains in the ECM. The anti- respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) activity of PG-545 was due to both partial inhibition of the virus attachment to cells and a more profound interference with some post-attachment steps as PG-545 efficiently neutralized infectivity of the cell-adsorbed virus. The anti-RSV activity of PG-545 was reduced when tested in the presence of human nasal secretions. Serial passages of RSV in the presence of increasing concentrations of PG-545 selected for weakly resistant viral variants that comprised the F168S and the P180S amino acid substitutions in the viral G protein. PG-545 has an immunomodulatory properties. PG-545 stimulates innate immune responses against tumours in preclinical cancer models. PG-545 is in phase I clinical trial for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.

ISATORIBINE, a guanosine analog, is an immunopotentiating agent. It is a selective agonist of toll‐like receptor 7, a pattern-recognition receptor that activates the innate immune response.