U.S. Department of Health & Human Services Divider Arrow National Institutes of Health Divider Arrow NCATS

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Showing 91 - 100 of 227 results

Status:
Other

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)

Status:
Other

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)



Mitragynine is the main active alkaloid constituent of the plant Mitragyna speciosa Korth. Mitragyna speciosa Korth. (M. speciosa), from the Rubiaceae family, is a tropical medicinal plant native to Southeast Asia. In Malaysia, M. speciosa leaves are known as Ketum or Biak, and in Thailand as Kratom. M. speciosa has been historically used in Southeast Asia as a stimulant drug and in its traditional context as a remedy for various symptoms. Pharmacological activities are mainly mediated via opioid receptors as well as neuronal Ca2+ channels, expression of cAMP and CREB protein and via descending monoaminergic system. Mitragynine acted as a partial agonist at mu-opioid receptors, in contrast, at kappa-opioid receptors, mitragynine was a competitive antagonist, similarly, mitragynine acted as an antagonist at delta-mu-opioid receptors, but with very low potency. Experimental studies in animals have now shown that mitragynine has an addictive potential, however, only at higher doses. Human users in countries of frequent use with a traditional context report a rather low daily consumption with only mild side effects. Kratom and mitragynine can be instrumentalized to enhance physical work power and endurance. A major reason for Kratom consumption is its reported efficacy to replace opiates in chronic users. This makes the Kratom plant preparation and also the isolated compound mitragynine interesting options to treat opiate addiction. In August 2016, the US Drug Enforcement Administration announced plans to classify kratom and its mitragynine constituents as Schedule 1 controlled substances.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
Compocillin-V by Abbott
(1954)
Source URL:
First approved in 1954
Source:
Compocillin-V by Abbott
Source URL:

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)


PENICILLIN V HYDRABAMINE, a semi-synthetic antibiotic, is used for the treatment of mild to moderately severe infections (e.g. dental infection, infections in the heart, middle ear infections, rheumatic fever, scarlet fever, skin infections, upper and lower respiratory tract infections) caused by susceptible, usually gram-positive, organisms.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
Compocillin by Abbott
(1954)
Source URL:
First approved in 1954
Source:
Compocillin by Abbott
Source URL:

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)


PENICILLIN G HYDRABAMINE, a semi-synthetic antibiotic, is used for the treatment of infections caused by susceptible, usually gram-positive, organisms.
Status:
US Previously Marketed
Source:
CER-O-CILLIN SODIUM by UPJOHN
(1961)
Source URL:
First approved in 1950
Source:
Cer-O-Cillin Sodium by Upjohn
Source URL:

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)


ALMECILLIN (also known as penicillin O) is an antibiotic that can be safely substituted for penicillin G in instances of hypersensitivity reactions to the latter.
Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US
Source:
LAGEVRIO by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC
(2021)
Source URL:
First approved in 2021

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)

Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)

Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)

Status:
Possibly Marketed Outside US

Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)



Umifenovir or arbidol (ethyl-6-bromo-4-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-5-hydroxy-1-methyl-2-[(phenylthio)methyl]-indole-3-carboxylate hydrochloride monohydrate) is a Russian-made potent broad-spectrum antiviral with demonstrated activity against a number of enveloped and non-enveloped viruses.For both viral infections the anti-viral mechanism involves umifenovir inhibition of virus-mediated fusion with target membrane and a resulting block of virus entry into target cells. Arbidol was shown to have effects on nonspecific defense factors, on its capacity to induce interferon and activate phagocytes in particular. Arbidol-treated patients with lower baseline immunity showed improvement in immunological parameters (in the counts of CD4 and CD8 lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, in the levels of serum immunoglobulins). Arbidol produces a high preventive and therapeutical effects in influenza A and B and other acute respiratory viral infections, prevents postinfluenza complications, reduces the incidence of exacerbations of chronic diseases in postinfluenza patients. In influenza, the therapeutical efficiency of the drug appears as decreases in intoxication, the severity of catarrhal syndrome, shorter fever and disease in general. Arbidol is beneficial for patients with secondary immunodeficiency, in those with recurrent herpes infection or chronic bronchitis.