Methaqualone is a depressant that modulates the activity of the GABA receptors in the brain and nervous system. It promotes relaxation, sleepiness and sometimes a feeling of euphoria. It causes a drop in blood pressure and slows the pulse rate. These properties are the reason why it was initially thought to be a useful sedative and anxiolytic. Common side effects of Methaqualone include dizziness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, fatigue, itching, rashes, sweating, dry mouth, tingling sensation in arms and legs, seizures and its depressant effects include reduced heart rate and respiration. The drug became banned in many countries and was withdrawn from many markets in the early 1980s.

Methoxyflurane is an inhalation anesthetic. Methoxyflurane was used for surgical, obstetric, or dental anesthesia, but was withdrawn from US market due to safety concerns, but is still in use in Australia and other countries. Methoxyflurane induces muscle relaxation and reduces pains sensitivity by altering tissue excitability by decreasing the extent of gap junction mediated cell-cell coupling and altering the activity of the channels that underlie the action potential.

Propiomazine is a typical antipsychotic, blocking H1 receptors and is primarily indicated in conditions Insomnia. Propiomazine was also used under brand name largon for the relief of restlessness and apprehension, preoperatively or during surgery. In addition largon was used as an adjunct to analgesics for the relief of restlessness and apprehension during labor. But this drug was discontinued.

PROTHIPENDYL is a neuroleptic azaphenothiazine used to treat anxiety and agitation in psychotic syndromes. It also shows strong antihistamine and anti-emetic actions.

Clemizole is a drug in clinical development for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Clemizole is a novel inhibitor of TRPC5 channels. Clemizole is an H1 antagonist. Clemizole, an antihistamine drug that was once widely used for treatment of allergic disease, was recently discovered to be a potent inhibitor (IC50, 24 nM) of the interaction between an HCV protein (NS4B) and HCV RNA. Although clemizole was widely used during the 1950s and 1960s, this was before contemporary regulatory requirements were established for new drug development, and there is very minimal information about its pharmacokinetics and metabolism.

Biperiden, sold under the brandname Akineton was used as an adjunct in the therapy of all forms of parkinsonism (postencephalitic, arteriosclerotic and idiopathic). Was also useful in the control of extrapyramidal disorders due to central nervous system drugs such as phenothiazines and other groups of psychotropics. Biperiden is a weak peripheral anticholinergic agent. It has, therefore, some antisecretory, antispasmodic and mydriatic effects. In addition, biperiden possesses nicotinolytic activity. Parkinsonism is thought to result from an imbalance between the excitatory (cholinergic) and inhibitory (dopaminergic) systems in the corpus striatum. The mechanism of action of centrally active anticholinergic drugs such as biperiden is considered to relate to competitive antagonism of acetylcholine at cholinergic receptors in the corpus striatum, which then restores the balance. Atropine-like side effects such as dry mouth; blurred vision; drowsiness; euphoria or disorientation; urinary retention; postural hypotension; constipation; agitation; disturbed behavior may been seen. Only limited pharmacokinetic studies of biperiden in humans are available.

Phenformin is a biguanide hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of metformin. It activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibits mTORC1 signaling. Phenformin used for the treatment of diabetes. Phenformin was removed from the U.S. market 20 years ago because of a high incidence of lactic acidosis. Risk factors for the development of lactic acidosis include renal deficiency, hepatic disease, cardiac disease, and drug interaction such as cimetidine. Phenformin exerts potential anti-neoplastic action.

Chlorpropamide (DIABINESE®), is a sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. It appears to lower the blood glucose acutely by stimulating the release of insulin from the pancreas, an effect dependent upon functioning beta cells in the pancreatic islets. The mechanism by which chlorpropamide (DIABINESE®) lowers blood glucose during long-term administration has not been clearly established. Extra-pancreatic effects may play a part in the mechanism of action of oral sulfonylurea hypoglycemic drugs. While chlorpropamide is a sulfonamide derivative, it is devoid of antibacterial activity. Chlorpropamide (DIABINESE®) may also prove effective in controlling certain patients who have experienced primary or secondary failure to other sulfonylurea agent.

Halothane, USP is an inhalation anesthetic chemically designated 2-Bromo-2-chloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane. Halothane, sold under the brand name Fluothane among others, is a general anesthetic. It can be used to start or maintain anesthesia. One of its benefits is that it does not increase the production of saliva which can be particularly useful in those who are difficult to intubate. Side effects include an irregular heartbeat, decreased effort to breath (respiratory depression), and liver problems. It should not be used in people with porphyria or a history of malignant hyperthermia either in themselves or their family members. It is unclear whether use during pregnancy is harmful to the baby, and it is not generally recommended for use during a cesarean section. Fluothane is no longer commercially available in the United States.

Levallorphan (brand name Lorfan), is an opiate antagonist of morphine family. Levallorphan was formerly used in general anesthesia, mainly to reverse the respiratory depression produced by opioid analgesics and barbiturates used for induction of surgical anaesthesia whilst maintaining a degree of analgesia. Levallorphan was also used in combination with opioid analgesics to reduce their side effects, mainly in obstetrics. The combination of levallorphan with pethidine was used so frequently, a standardized formulation was made available, known as Pethilorfan, by Roche Products Ltd in later 1950s. Is known to be used for narcotic overdose. Levallorphan is similar to naloxone but differs from naloxone in that it also possesses some agonist properties. It acts as an antagonist and partial agonist of the mu opioid receptor (MOR). Levallorphan can produce severe mental reactions at sufficient doses including hallucinations, dissociation, and other psychotomimetic effects, dysphoria, anxiety, confusion, dizziness, disorientation, derealization, feelings of drunkenness, and bizarre, unusual, or disturbing dreams.