Veralipride (trade name Agreal, Agradil) is a benzamide neuroleptic medicine indicated in the treatment of vasomotor symptoms associated with the menopause when a contraindication or non-acceptance of hormone therapy (HT) exists. Veralipride is a dopaminergic antagonist of receptor D2, that induces prolactin secretion without any estrogenic or progestagenic effects. Veralipride is well absorbed when administered orally, achieving maximal concentrations at 2.5 hours. It is poorly metabolized and is eliminated in the urine and feces. After oral administration, the half-life is 4 hours, and 44% is excreted without any changes in urine in the first 120 hours. Most of the studies agree that the decrease of vasomotor symptoms associated with the menopause (hot flushes) with veralipride use is from 48.0% to 89.9% depending on the time of use and method of administration. One of the main secondary effects of veralipride use is hyperprolactinemia, which may or may not be accompanied by galactorrhea, and can disappear at 48 hours of treatment withdrawal. The most serious effects that have been reported with veralipride use are those extrapyramidal, such as acute dyskinesia, tardive dyskinesia, Parkinsonism, postural tremor, myoclonia, and dystonia. Many of these have been related to over-dosage and due to the lack of prescription instruction follow-up. The presentation of secondary adverse events is decreased using this medicament at a dose no greater than 100 mg/day, for short time spans, and leaving drug-free intervals between schedules. Veralipride has never gained approval in the United States. On July 2007, the EMA recommended the withdrawal of marketing authorizations for veralipride. The still in use Mexican Official Norm for the prevention and control of perimenopausal and postmenopausal diseases in women establishes that the drug can be useful in the control of vasomotor symptoms.

Bupranolol is a non-selective beta blocker without intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA), but with strong membrane stabilizing activity. Bupranolol competes with sympathomimetic neurotransmitters such as catecholamines for binding at beta(1)-adrenergic receptors in the heart, inhibiting sympathetic stimulation. This results in a reduction in resting heart rate, cardiac output, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and reflex orthostatic hypotension. Ophthalmic Bupranolol is used for the management of glaucoma and oral Bupranolol is used for the management of cardiovascular disorders. S-Bupranolol has also being shown to have superior preclinical safety profile and great antinociceptive efficacy and should be considered as a unique b-AR compound to advance future clinical pain studies.

Iproheptine (Metron, Susat) is a vasoconstrictor, antihistamine, nasal decongestant marketed in Japan.

Etafenone is an antiarrhythmic and coronary vasodilator drug. Etafenone exerts negative inotropic action on myocardium. It is able to block calcium channels. As a coronary vasodilator which produces a decrease in the heart rate and myocardial oxygen consumption, etafenone has been used in the therapy of ischemic heart disease.

Roxindole (EMD-49,980) is a dopaminergic and serotonergic drug which was originally developed for the treatment of schizophrenia. Roxindole has also been investigated as a therapy for the major depressive disorder, Parkinson's disease, and prolactinoma. Roxindole is dopamine autoreceptor-selective agonistic drug with high affinity to D2-like receptors and with much lower affinities to D1-like, % and ol2, muscarinic and 5HT 2 receptors. Additionally, Roxindole exerts 5HT uptake inhibition and 5HT1A agonistic effects. The bioavailability of Roxindole has been estimated at 5% due to a high first-pass metabolization. On the other hand, in 14C distribution studies, Roxindole has crossed the blood-brain barrier readily and the brain concentrations at all intervals have been much higher than corresponding plasma levels. In clinical trials, Roxindole ‘s antipsychotic efficacy was only modest but it was unexpectedly found to produce potent and rapid antidepressant and anxiolytic effects. However, the clinical development of Roxindole was discontinued.

Aceclidine is a parasympathomimetic agent used in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma as topical eye drop solution. It is as a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist with weak anticholinesterase activity. Acting directly on the motor end-plate (cholinergic nerve endings) it decreases intraocular pressure and mediates the contraction of iris muscle. Aceclidine increased outflow facility in human eyes in vitro by a direct stimulation of the outflow tissues in the absence of an intact ciliary muscle. This effect was biphasic, occurring at concentrations of 10 uM and lower with no effect at higher concentrations. Passed numerous clinical trials in Russia, France, Italy and other countries and was widely used in Europe but never been in clinical use in USA.

Clocapramine is a chlorinated derivative of carpipramine. The hydrochloride has been given orally in the treatment of schizophrenia. Clocapramine is an antagonist of the Dopamine D2 and Serotonine (5-HT2) receptors. It has been implicated in at least one strange death, including a suicide. It augments the paroxetine in the panic disorder treatment.

Temocapril is a prodrug-type angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor not approved for use in the United States but is approved in Japan and South Korea. Temocapril can also be used in hemodialysis patients without risk of serious accumulation.

Cyromazine, an insect growth regulator, affects larval and pupal cuticles in dipterans and some other insects. The mode of action of this aminotriazine is not known yet, though it has been shown not to inhibit the synthesis of chitin and cuticular proteins. Cyromazine may, however, act on some step(s) of sclerotization of the cuticle. Cyromazine is not a cholinesterase inhibitor. As an insect growth regulator, cyrozine exerts its toxic action by affecting the nervous system of the immature stages (larvae) of certain insects.

Gilutensin is a drug that was developed for the treatment of hypotensive circulatory disorders. As there is no information available on the drug since 1970, its development is supposed to be terminated in early phase.