Docebenone (AA-861) is a potent, selective and orally active 5-LO (5-lipoxygenase) inhibitor. T. vaginalis-derived secretory products (TvSP)-induced IL-8 production was efficiently inhibited when trichomonads were pretreated with docebenone. Docebenone increased [Ca(2+)](i) in Madin Darby canine kidney cells by releasing Ca(2+) from multiple internal stores in a manner independent of the formation of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate, followed by Ca(2+) entry from external medium. In animal model, it was shown that docebenone may prove useful in the treatment of acute pancreatitis. Docebenone showed a dose-dependent inhibition of slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis (SRS-A) release, with no effect on histamine release from passively sensitized guinea pig, monkey (M. irus) and human lung fragments. It markedly suppresses biosynthesis of the leukotrienes. This drug inhibits the release of histamine as well as SRS-A from lung fragments of anaphylactic monkey (M. mulatta) and in the Ca ionophore-stimulated rat peritoneal cavity. AA-861 suppressed the anaphylactically-induced airway resistance in mepyramine- and cimetidine-treated guinea pigs. These results suggest that AA-861 may be clinically effective for treating allergy-related asthma by modulating the 5-lipoxygenase pathway and that an inhibitory mechanism of histamine release by AA-861 may be present in some species. Docebenone has shown anti-inflammatory effects in several animal models following local dosing: phorbol ester-induced oedema and neutrophil influx in mouse skin, arachidonate-induced plasma extravasation in rabbit skin, the pleural reversed passive Arthus reaction in rats.

FLUMECINOL, a benzhydrol derivative, is a hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing enzyme inducer. It was in clinical development for the treatment of pruritus associated with primary biliary cirrhosis.

Fenretinide (4-HPR) is an orally-active synthetic phenylretinamide analogue of retinol (vitamin A) with potential antineoplastic and chemopreventive activities. Fenretinide binds to and activates retinoic acid receptors (RARs), thereby inducing cell differentiation and apoptosis in some tumor cell types. This agent also inhibits tumor growth by modulating angiogenesis-associated growth factors and their receptors and exhibits retinoid receptor-independent apoptotic properties. Phase III clinical trial data has suggested that fenretinide reduces breast cancer relapse in pre-menopausal women. Fenretinide is the most studied retinoid in breast cancer chemoprevention clinical trials due to its selective accumulation in breast tissue and its favorable toxicological profile. This agent showed a significative reduction of the incidence of second breast tumors in premenopausal women confirmed after 15-year followups. Fenretinide, a drug being developed by Sirion Therapeutics, slowed the progression of advanced dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) by 45 percent for people receiving a higher dose of the treatment in a Phase II clinical trial. Sirion has been granted a Fast Track designation for the treatment by the FDA. Fenretinide is in phase II clinical trials for the treatment of B-cell lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia. It is also in phase I clinical trials for the treatment of cystic fibrosis.

Etoxadrol is an NMDA receptor antagonist. It exerts phencyclidine-like properties. Etoxadrol has anticonvulsant and anesthetic activity. Intravenous etoxadrol was clinically tested as an anesthetic.

Bucrylate (isobutyl cyanoacrylate) is a liquid tissue adhesive for transcatheter embolization. It is used in radiological and endoscopic interventions to occlude vessels and to stop bleedings. In comparison with sponges, coils and plugs, bucrylate is inexpensive and achieves immediate, irreversible and complete occlusion of the vessel irrespective of coagulation deficiencies.

Tixanox is an antiallergic drug. It blocks histamine release from human lung induced by anti-IgE. Tixanox has been shown to be orally active against exercise-induced asthma in man.

Dimetridazole is an anti-fungal and anti-protozoal drug traditionally used in veterinary for the prevention and treatment of histomoniasis in turkeys, genital trichomoniasis in cattle and hemorrhagic enteritis in pigs. Results from the in vitro and in vivo tests suggested, that dimetridazole was not genotoxic compound, but its use is legally limited, although this compound is still can be found in eggs.

FLUFENISAL is a compound related to aspirin structurally, chemically, and pharmacologically. It was in clinical development as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent. However, its development was discontinued due to lack of sufficient superiority over aspirin.