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Status:
Other
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)
Conditions:
Tetrahydropyranyloxy Phenol (Deoxyarbutin) is a skin lightening agent synthesized through removal of hydroxyl groups from the glucose side-chain of beta-arbutin. Deoxyarbutin demonstrated effective inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase in vitro with a Ki that is 10-fold lower that hydroquinone (HQ) and 350-fold lower than arbutin. Topical application of Deoxyarbutin on human xenografts resulted in a gradual and visually apparent skin lightening effect during an eight-week period. In a clinical trial, Deoxyarbutin facilitated fading of pre-tanned skin to a statistically significant greater extent than either HQ or no treatment. However, the overall conclusion of the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety is that the use of deoxyarbutin up to 3% in face creams is not safe. Deoxyarbutin could combat melanoma in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting the proliferation and metastasis of tumour via a p38-mediated mitochondria associated apoptotic pathway.
Status:
Other
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (RACEMIC)
Targets:
EQUOL is a chiral compound and can exist in three forms, racemic (±)equol (R/S-equol), R-equol and S-equol. Racemic equol refers to exact equal portions of S-equol and R-equol. EQUOL, (±)- can induce apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells through the intrinsic pathway and the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway. Racemic equol (10, 30 uM) prevented DNA damage in MCF-10A cells following exposure to 2-hydroxy-4-nonenal or menadione. This finding suggest that racemic equol has strong antigenotoxic activity in contrast to the purified S-equol enantiomer implicating the R-, rather than the S-enantiomer as being responsible for the antioxidant effects of racemic equol, a finding that may have implications for the in vivo chemoprotective properties of EQUOL, (±)-.
Status:
Other
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Conditions:
BIS-COUMARAMIDOBUTANE was isolated and purified from corn bran. It exhibited the strongest hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. The inhibitory effects of BIS-COUMARAMIDOBUTANE on melanogenesis is due to the inhibition of the intracellular tyrosinase activity. This indicate that BIS-COUMARAMIDOBUTANE from corn bran may be potential natural skin whitening agents. BIS-COUMARAMIDOBUTANE is registrated in International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary in Korea.
Status:
Other
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Targets:
Conditions:
Maritimein is an aurone, a type of natural phenol. It is a yellow color pigment. Maritimein presents in the flowers of Coreopsis maritima, Coreopsis tinctoria, Baeria chrysostoma, Zinnia linearis. It has antioxidant activity.
Status:
Other
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Pinoresinol is a common component of the lignan fraction found in olive oil, in Styrax sp. and in Forsythia suspense and in other plants. Many experimental studies have been focused on the strong antioxidant activity of pinoresinol. Enzymatic hydrolysis of maltose is inhibited by (+)-pinoresinol through competitive and noncompetitive manners. Pinoresinol caused an upregulation of the CDK inhibitor p21(WAF1/Cip1) both at mRNA and protein levels so suggesting that this could be a mechanism by which pinoresinol reduced proliferation and induced differentiation on HL60 leukemia cells. Pinoresinol may have a therapeutic potential to prevent breast cancer development via the reduction of intracellular oxidative stress and DNA damage in human mammary epithelial cells. In vivo, pinoresinol ameliorates CCl4-induced acute liver injury, and this protection is likely due to anti-oxidative activity and down-regulation of inflammatory mediators through inhibition of NF-kappaB and AP-1.
Status:
Other
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Conditions:
Syringic acid (SYRA) is a potential antioxidant used in traditional Chinese medicine and is an emerging nutraceutical. Current reports claim its potential anti-angiogenic, anti-glycating, anti-hyperglycaemic, neuroprotective, and memory-enhancing properties in various animal models. Syringic acid (SA) possesses anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory and anti-steatotic effects via the regulation of lipid metabolic and inflammatory genes. SA is likely to be a new natural therapeutic agent for obesity or non-alcoholic liver disease. Syringic acid reduces oxidative stress and axonal degeneration in rat sciatic nerve after ischemia/reperfusion injury. Syringic acid may play a role in the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries due to ischemia/reperfusion.
Status:
Other
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Dihydroferulic acid, also known as 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)propionic acid or dihydroconiferylate, is classified as a member of the phenylpropanoic acids. Phenylpropanoic acids are compounds with a structure containing a benzene ring conjugated to a propanoic acid. Dihydroferulic acid is an inhibitor of in vitro platelet activation. It also revealed high antioxidant activity.
Status:
Other
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Citrinin is a mycotoxin produced by several species of the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium and Monascus. It is often found in food. Citrinin is nephrotoxic agent. Inhibition of RNA (predominantly rRNA) and DNA synthesis by citrinin has been reported in different mammalian cell lines including kidney cells. The induction of oxidative stress has also been proposed to account for citrinin toxicity. Citrinin inhibits immune response – it inhibits lipopolysaccharide/interferon-gamma-induced nitric oxide production in glomerular mesangial cells. Citrinin induced apoptosis in human colon cancer and promyelocytic leukemia cell lines.
Status:
Other
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ABSOLUTE)
Conditions:
Pheophorbide A is a product of chlorophyll breakdown in plants. It is an active component of the Chinese medicinal herb Scutellaria barbata. Others report on extraction of the drug from sources as varied as spinach leaves and silkworm excreta, and on its confounding appearance in the digestive tracts of animals fed chlorophyll-containing food. Pheophorbide A acts as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy. Photoactivated pheophorbide A induces lipid peroxidation, arrests cell growth by activating apoptosis and/or necrosis. In vitro and animal studies have suggested some efficacy for pheophorbide A-mediated photodynamic therapy of cancers.
Status:
Other
Class (Stereo):
CHEMICAL (ACHIRAL)
Targets:
Conditions:
Kaempferide (3,5,7-trihydroxy-4′-methoxyflavone,
Kae) is a naturally occurring flavonoid that is
isolated from the roots of Alpinia officinarum (lesser galangal). Like other flavonoids, Kae also has a very good
antioxidant properties and Kae can effectively reduce 1,1-
diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Studies have shown
that Kae has anticancer and antihypertension effects. Kaempferide protects against myocardial Ischemia/reperfusion Injury through activation of the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway. Kaempferide inhibited potent antioxidant activity. Kaempferide is one of the candidates for active compound in propolis. Kaempferide, the most active among the four flavonoids isolated and characterized from Chromolaena odorata, induces apoptosis in cervical cancer cells while being pharmacologically safe.