Syringic acid (SYRA) is a potential antioxidant used in traditional Chinese medicine and is an emerging nutraceutical. Current reports claim its potential anti-angiogenic, anti-glycating, anti-hyperglycaemic, neuroprotective, and memory-enhancing properties in various animal models. Syringic acid (SA) possesses anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory and anti-steatotic effects via the regulation of lipid metabolic and inflammatory genes. SA is likely to be a new natural therapeutic agent for obesity or non-alcoholic liver disease. Syringic acid reduces oxidative stress and axonal degeneration in rat sciatic nerve after ischemia/reperfusion injury. Syringic acid may play a role in the treatment of peripheral nerve injuries due to ischemia/reperfusion.

Oryzalin is a selective preemergence surface-applied herbicide used for control of annual grasses and broadleaf weeds in fruit trees, nut trees, vineyards, established bermudagrass turf and established ornamentals. It inhibits the growth of germinating weed seeds. Oryzalin is an effective inhibitor of human carbonic anhydrases (CAs). Eleven out of 12 catalytically active human CAs were strongly inhibited by oryzalin and exhibited affinities of approximately 2–2000 nM. Oryzalin has been shown to bind specifically to plant tubulin in vitro, inhibited its polymerization, and partly depolymerize taxol-stabilized microtubules. It also inhibits polymerization of leishmania microtubules in vitro.

Histidine methyl ester is L-Histidine derivative that used in organic synthesis. L-Histidine methyl ester dihydrochloride is used to prepare optically pure L-(+)-ergothioneine.

Trichloromethiazide, previously sold under the brand names of NAQUA, METAHYDRIN and TRICHLOREX, is indicated as adjunctive therapy in edema associated with congestive heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis, and corticosteroid and estrogen therapy. Trichloromethiazide has also been found useful in edema due to various forms of renal dysfunction such as nephrotic syndrome, acute glomer-ulonephritis, and chronic renal failure. Trichloromethiazide is also indicated in the management of hypertension either as the sole therapeutic agent or to enhance the effectiveness of other antihypertensive drugs in the more severe forms of hypertension. Like other thiazides, Trichloromethiazide promotes water loss from the body (diuretics). They inhibit Na+/Cl- reabsorption from the distal convoluted tubules in the kidneys. Thiazides also cause loss of potassium and an increase in serum uric acid. Thiazides are often used to treat hypertension, but their hypotensive effects are not necessarily due to their diuretic activity. Thiazides have been shown to prevent hypertension-related morbidity and mortality although the mechanism is not fully understood. Thiazides cause vasodilation by activating calcium-activated potassium channels (large conductance) in vascular smooth muscles and inhibiting various carbonic anhydrases in vascular tissue. Trichlormethiazide appears to block the active reabsorption of chloride and possibly sodium in the ascending loop of Henle, altering electrolyte transfer in the proximal tubule. This results in excretion of sodium, chloride, and water and, hence, diuresis. As a diuretic, Trichloromethiazide inhibits active chloride reabsorption at the early distal tubule via the Na-Cl cotransporter, resulting in an increase in the excretion of sodium, chloride, and water. Thiazides like Trichloromethiazide also inhibit sodium ion transport across the renal tubular epithelium through binding to the thiazide sensitive sodium-chloride transporter. This results in an increase in potassium excretion via the sodium-potassium exchange mechanism. The antihypertensive mechanism of Trichloromethiazide is less well understood although it may be mediated through its action on carbonic anhydrases in the smooth muscle or through its action on the large-conductance calcium-activated potassium (KCa) channel, also found in the smooth muscle.

Benzthiazide (trade names Aquatag, Dihydrex, Diucen, Edemax, Exna, Foven and others) is a thiazide diuretic used in the treatment of high blood pressure and edema. It is no longer available in the United States. As a diuretic, benzthiazide inhibits active chloride reabsorption at the early distal tubule via the Na-Cl cotransporter, resulting in an increase in the excretion of sodium, chloride, and water. The following is a list of possible side effects that may occur from all constituting ingredients of Exna Tablet: vomiting, diarrhoea, photosensitivity reactions, increased in uric acid concentrations, megaloblastic anaemia, thrombocytopenia. Exna tablet may interact with the following drugs and products: ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists, potassium-sparing diuretics.

AMINOBENZOATE SODIUM is a salt of Aminobenzoic acid. Aminobenzoic acid is an intermediate in the synthesis of folate by bacteria, plants, and fungi. Many bacteria, including those found in the human intestinal tract such as E. coli, generate Aminobenzoic acid from chorismate by the combined action of the enzymes 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate synthase and 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate lyase. Plants produce Aminobenzoic acid in their chloroplasts, and store it as a glucose ester (pABA-Glc) in their tissues. Humans lack the enzymes to convert Aminobenzoic acid to folate, so require folate from dietary sources such as green leafy vegetables. In humans, Aminobenzoic acid is considered nonessential and, although it has been referred to historically as "vitamin Bx", is no longer recognized as a vitamin, because most people have colon bacteria that generate Aminobenzoic acid. The potassium salt is used as a drug against fibrotic skin disorders, such as Peyronie's disease, under the trade name Potaba.

Guaiacol is a naturally occurring organic compound first isolated by Otto Unverdorben in 1826. Although it is biosynthesized by a variety of organisms, this yellowish aromatic oil is usually derived from guaiacum or wood creosote. Guaiacol is used as a reducing co-substrate for COX reactions. It is mainly used as expectorant, antiseptic. It is used as cough suppressant, it is an ingredient of Pulmo Bailly (UK). Pulmo Bailly Cough Expectorant is indicated for relief for cough symptoms that are associated with a flu, cold, or other infection. It contains active ingredients, Codeine and Guajacol, which reduce discomfort and the urge to cough. Each 5 ml tablespoon of Pulmo Bailly contains 75 mg guaiacol and 7 mg codeine.

Tioxolone is a metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase I inhibitor, that has been used for psoriasis vulgaris and acne treatment. Tioxolone is reported to possess cytostatic, antipsoriatic, antibacterial and anti-mycotic properties. Tioxolone is also added to some cosmetics (e.g. hair shampoos and skin cleansers), due to claims for its oil-regulating and antibacterial properties.