1,25-dihydroxycalciferol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2 or ercalcitriol) is a metabolite of vitamin D. It exerts antirachitic activity in animals. 1,25-dihydroxycalciferol and its analogs have antineoplastic actions in vitro.

D-kynurenine is metabolite of the amino acid D-tryptophan. D-kynurenine is an agonist for GPR109B (HM74), a putative G protein-coupled receptor. D-kynurenine elicits chemotactic responses in human neutrophils through GPR109B. D-amino acid oxidase can metabolize D-kynurenine to produce the fluorescent compound kynurenic acid.

Deoxyadenosine 5'-monophosphate (dAMP) is a derivative of adenosine monophosphate. dAMP is a monomer of DNA. It is produced by degradation of DNA by 5'-nucleotidases and is further metabolized to adenosine.

5-methyl cytidine has been indicated in the controlling mechanism for the genetic change, which leads to cancer. Human APOBEC3A (A3A), a polynucleotide cytidine deaminase (PCD) with specificity for single stranded DNA, can extensively deaminate human nuclear DNA. It was discovered that A3A among all human PCDs can deaminate 5-methylcytidine in a variety of single stranded DNA substrates both in vitro and in transfected cells almost as efficiently as cytidine itself. As 5MeCpG deamination hotspots characterize many genes associated with cancer it was made suggestion that A3A is a major player in the onset of cancer.

Androsterone sulfate is endogenous, naturally occurring steroid and the the most abundant 5 alpha-reduced androgen metabolite in serum. This steroid is formed from the reaction of sulfation of androsterone and can be desulfated back by the action of steroid sulfatase. It was also found significant and sodium-dependent organic anion transporter SOAT (SLC10A6)-mediated transport of Androsterone sulfate. There existed assumption that may be this steroid could be a marker of systemic 5 alpha-reductase activity, but that was not confirmed and thus androsterone sulfate cannot take into consideration as a marker of either adrenal androgen production or of hirsutism.