MRT 67307 dihydrochloride is a novel inhibitor of IKK-epsilon/TBK1. Negative regulation on the canonical IKKs may be critical in preventing the overproduction of the inflammatory mediators that lead to inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In addition, it was demonstrated that MRT 67307 inhibits series of MARKs and salt inducible kinases (SIKs). SIKs prevent the formation of regulatory macrophages and their inhibition induces increasing in some markers of regulatory macrophages, such as IL-10 and other anti-inflammatory molecules. It is an inhibitor for ULK1and ULK2. ULK1, a serine/threonine protein kinase, is essential for the initial stages of autophagy. Cancer cells are thought to take advantage of autophagy to help them to cope with the stress of tumorigenesis; thus targeting autophagy is an attractive therapeutic approach.

PF-8380 is a potent autotaxin inhibitor with an IC(50) of 2.8 nM in isolated enzyme assay and 101 nM in human whole blood. Inhibition of ATX by PF-8380 led to decreased invasion and enhanced radiosensitization of GBM cells.

Diphenyl acetamidotrichloroethyl fluoronitrophenyl thiourea, CGK733, was claimed to be selective inhibitor of the ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) protein and ATM- and Rad3-related (ATR) protein, however after investigation of the contents of the original paper by Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) several irregularities has been revealed and the paper was retracted in full. Further studies were completed showing that CGK-733 has no specific inhibitory effect on ATM or ATR. Unfortunately, the compound is still being marketed as an ATM/ATR inhibitor. CGK733 inhibits the proliferation of human cancer and non-transformed mouse fibroblast cell lines and induced senescent breast, lung, and colon carcinoma cells to undergo cell death.

KU-60019 is a selective ATM kinase inhibitor. ATM is an ataxia telangiectasia (A-T) mutated, which plays a critical role in cell cycle checkpoints and DNA repair. Thus, specific small molecule inhibitors targeting ATM could perhaps be developed into efficient radiosensitizers. KU-60019 was a highly effective radiosensitizer of human glioma cells. A-T fibroblasts were not radiosensitized by KU-60019 and were suggested that the ATM kinase was specifically targeted. In xenograft models was shown, that the combination of KU-60019 and radiation significantly increased survival of mice than KU-60019 alone, radiation alone, or no treatment. In addition, p53-mutant gliomas were much more sensitive to KU-60019 radiosensitization than wild-type glioma.

KU-55933 (2-morpholin-4-yl-6-thianthren-1-yl-pyran-4-one) is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase. Exposure of cells to KU-55933 resulted in a significant sensitization to the cytotoxic effects of ionizing radiation and to the DNA double-strand break-inducing chemotherapeutic agents, etoposide, doxorubicin, and camptothecin. Inhibition of ATM by KU-55933 also caused a loss of ionizing radiation-induced cell cycle arrest. By contrast, KU-55933 did not potentiate the cytotoxic effects of ionizing radiation on ataxia-telangiectasia cells, nor did it affect their cell cycle profile after DNA damage. KU55933 is a hydrophobic molecule and is insoluble in water. Nanoparticle KU55933 is a potent radiosensitizer in vitro using clonogenic assay and is more effective as a radiosensitizer than free KU55933 in vivo using mouse xenograft models of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).