L-822179 is a triazolophthalazine that selectively attenuates the effects of GABA at GABA(A) receptors containing an alpha5 subunit. It is an orally active, functionally selective compound, which enhances cognition in animals without anxiogenic or convulsant effects. The dose-limiting adverse event of L-822179 is dizziness and/or light-headedness. L-822179 does not improve cognitive performance in the elderly; indeed the dose of 4 mg actually significantly impairs performance. In this regard, it could therefore be considered that this study is a failed trial in so far as the positive control, lorazepam, does not show the anticipated effect.

Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) is widely used to attach a fluorescent label to proteins via the amine group. The isothiocyanate group reacts with amino terminal and primary amines in proteins. It has been used for the labeling of proteins including antibodies and lectins. Isomer I (Fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate) has the thiocyanate group on the 4 carbon of the benzene ring, whereas isomer II (Fluorescein 6-isothiocyanate) has the thiocyanate on the 5 carbon. The two isomers are indistinguishable spectrally, either by wavelength or intensity. Isomer I is more easily isolated in pure form, so is less expensive. This may explain why isomer I is more commonly used for labeling. For many purposes, however, the mixed isomers of FITC will be perfectly suitable. Some FITC conjugates are being investigated for diagnostic purposes. Folate-fluorescein isothiocyanate, or folate-FITC, also identified as EC-17, targets folate receptors over expressed in certain cancers and could help in better identifying the margins of the cancer thereby achieving negative margins.

Hematoxylin staining is a well-established technique in histopathology and cytology for the diagnosis of malignant and non-malignant lesions. This compound forms strongly colored complexes with Fe(III) and Al(III) salts. Hematoxylin can be used as a primary stain and as a counterstain where it will differentiate acidophilic materials from basophilic materials and stain non-cellular substances such as fibrin, crystals, and pigments in various shades depending on the nature of the mordant used and the second stain.

Anthraquinone has yet to be found in nature. Of all the quinones found naturally, those derived from anthraquinone far exceed all others. Many of these are found in molds. Derivatives of 9,10-anthracenedione (anthraquinones) with several hydroxy and other functional groups are biologically active compounds isolated from Rubia and Cassia medical plant species. Anthraquinone is a comparatively safe compound: LD50 (rat) is 3500 mg/kg. It is a mild allergen and, as a fine powder, may cause skin irritation. Exposure to 3,000 ppm may be tolerated for only 30–60 min after which irritation of the nose, throat, and lungs may occur along with headaches, dizziness, and slurred speech. 9,10-anthraquinone is a weak carcinogen. Aside from its major use in the manufacture of intermediates for anthraquinone dyes and pigments, anthraquinone is finding increasing interest as a catalyst in the pulping of wood, in the polymerization of various materials for plastics, and in the isomerization of vegetable oils. It has been used to make seeds distasteful to birds (bird repellent) and as an accelerator in nickel electroplating.

The gluconate formulation of amsacrine (AMSA) has better water solubility then DMA formulation. It was thus developed and investigated to determine if it would be less cardiotoxic than the widely used N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) formulation. Amsacrine gluconate is the anticancer agent, which was tested against refractory leukemia. Moreover, their cytotoxic activity was demonstrated in the in vitro studies on 48 specimens of 9 histologically different types of human malignancy. The use of the gluconate formulation of AMSA, which contains no dimethylacetamide, has been associated with three cases of cardiomyopathy. Also, paresthesia was found in one patient among 26 treated with AMSA gluconate. This preparation has no apparent advantage when compared with amsacrine lactate.

Amphotericin B methyl ester (also known as metamphocin), a more soluble and less toxic formulation of amphotericin B, is a new antifungal polyene antibiotic, which was studied to treat ocular mycoses and was proposed to treat Candida endophthalmitis. The suggested mechanism of its action includes the binding of this drug with the ergosterol-containing membranes.

4'-Chlordiazepam or Ro5-4864 (7-chloro-5- (4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dihydro-1-methyl-2-H-1,4-benzodiazepine-2)) is a ligand of peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor (translocator protein or Tspo). It exerts neurosteroidogenic activity. 4'- chlordiazepam is sedative, convulsant and anxiogenic in rodents.

1,2-DIMYRISTOYL-SN-GLYCERO-3-PHOSPHOCHOLINE (dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine, DMPC) is a synthetic phospholipid used in liposomes and lipid bilayers for the study of biological membranes. DMPC is a frequently studied artificial lipid because it undergoes a phase transition at a convenient temperature. Upon cooling below 23.6°C it undergoes a transition from the liquid crystalline phase to the solid rippled phase, characterized by periodic corrugations of the bilayer.