GR79236 is an adenosine A1 receptor agonist, which possesses cardiovascular and antilipolytic properties. GR79236 was studied in model animals for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis and in patients for pain relief. However, these studies were discontinued. In addition, analgesic efficacy of GR79236 was investigated in the dental pain model. Nevertheless, there was no evidence of efficacy of GR79236. A higher dose of GR79236 might have been effective or that was suggested, that intravenous administration of that drug did not achieve appropriate concentrations in the brain or peripheral nerves.

Stigmastanol is a plant lipid molecule that resembles cholesterol in structure. It inhibits cholesterol absorption. Sitostanol powder (1 g) reduced cholesterol absorption by only 11.3 /- 7.4% (P = 0.2), confirming in vitro data showing poor solubility of sitostanol powder in artificial bile. In contrast, sitostanol in lecithin micelles reduced cholesterol absorption by 36.7 /- 4.2% (P = 0.003) at a dose of 700 mg and by 34.4 /- 5.8% (P = 0.01) at a dose of 300 mg. Stigmasterol, which is used for the synthesis of progesterone and vitamin D3 is a potential anti-inflammatory compound. Its action is mediated by the inhibition of several pro-inflammatory and matrix degradation mediators involved in osteoarthritis-induced cartilage degradation.

Phenethyl salicylate is a fragrance ingredient used in many fragrance compounds. The general type of odor of phenethyl salicylate is honey. It may be found in fragrances used in decorative cosmetics, fine fragrances, shampoos, toilet soaps and other toiletries as well as in non-cosmetic products such as household cleaners and detergents. Phenethyl salicylate was approved by the Food and Drug Administration as a flavor. Flavor and Extract Manufacturers’ Association recognized it as safe ingredient. The uterine weights were also significantly increased (P < 0.05) in mice who received 33.3 mg/kg/day phenethyl salicylate. This result suggests that phenethyl salicylate might exert its estrogenic activities in animals or humans.

D-cloprostenol, also called (+)-cloprostenol is a highly potent prostaglandin F2-alpha receptor agonist. (+)-Cloprostenol is a 15(R) enantiomer of cloprostenol responsible for the majority of its biological activity and is commonly used in bovine reproduction that increases myometral contractility.

PNU-109291 is a potent and selective 5HT1D receptor agonist. PNU-109291 was able to block neurogenic inflammation in the guinea pig model of migraine.