APD668 is a novel, highly potent and orally active glucose-dependent insulinotropic receptor (GDIR) agonist intended to more efficiently stimulate insulin release by beta cells in response to elevated blood glucose levels, and to avoid hypoglycemia. Ortho-McNeil's initial clinical studies evaluated healthy volunteers and patients with type 2 diabetes in randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials evaluating the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of single and multiple (14 day) escalating doses of APD668. Based on the data from those studies, Ortho-McNeil has decided to put APD668 on hold and has advanced a potentially more potent Arena discovered GDIR agonist into preclinical development.

MAM-2201 has been recently detected in herbal products and has psychoactive and intoxicating effects in humans, suggesting that MAM-2201 alters brain function. MAM-2201 acts as an agonist of human cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R) and thus to suppress neurotransmitter release. The reduction of neurotransmitter release from CB1R-containing synapses could contribute to some of the symptoms of synthetic cannabinoid intoxication including impairments in cerebellum-dependent motor coordination and motor learning.

(+)-ZK 216348 is a selective nonsteroidal glucocorticoid receptor (GR) agonist. (+)-ZK 216348 shows anti-inflammatory activity comparable to prednisolone for both systemic and topical application. (+)-ZK 216348 showed no negative effects on intestinal epithelial migration or proliferation. This compound is a promising candidate for the treatment of acute inflammatory conditions. It was tested as a drug for the inflammatory bowel disease management.

QUCHIC or BB-22 (1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-8-quinolinyl ester-1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid), a quinoline derivative, is a synthetic cannabinoid. It is considered to be a constituent of illicit smoking mixtures "spice".

2,5-Dimethoxy-4-chloroamphetamine (DOC) is a substituted alpha-methylated phenethylamine, a psychedelic drug. It was presumably first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin. DOC acts as a selective -hydroxytryptamine (5-HT2) receptor 5-HT2A and 5-HT2c agonist.

Ibotenic acid is an isoxazole originally isolated from Amanita mushrooms. The toxic fungi Amanita muscaria, commonly known as the fly agaric, was used to prepare the soma. The feelings of euphoria or invincibility experienced by those who drank it were eventually attributed to a group of isoxazoles centuries later. Two of these - ibotenic acid and muscimol - were first isolated from the Japanese mushroom Amanita ibotengutake in the 1960s, but found in abundance in all Amanita mushrooms. Ibotenic acid is a non-protein amino acid that is unstable and easily decarboxylated to muscimol. Ibotenic acid is a glutamate agonist, acting at glutamate receptors. Ibotenic acid is neurotoxic and used to induce cerebral lesioning in animal models.