Alpha-ergocryptine is a component of the ergotoxine complex; it is the main ergot alkaloid of Japanese & South American wid grasses. Alpha-ergocryptine is an agonist at the D2 dopamine receptor. Alpha-ergocryptine effectively decreases intraocular pressure in the alpha-chymotrypsin-induced model of ocular hypertension.

Cafestol is a diterpene molecule found in coffee beans and has anticarcinogenic properties. Cafestol, a bioactive substance in coffee, increases glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in vitro and increases glucose uptake in human skeletal muscle cells. Cafestol possesses antidiabetic properties in KKAy mice. Consequently, cafestol may contribute to the reduced risk of developing T2D in coffee consumers and has a potential role as an antidiabetic drug.

Oridonin is a diterpenoid purified from Rabdosia rubescens. In traditional Chinese medicine oridonin powder (Donglingcao herb extract) is used as an over-the-counter medicine because of its anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and other effects. Oridonin was shown to inhibit many tumor cell lines in vitro and its mechanism of action is mainly explained by inhibition of NF-kB signaling, Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway and upregulation of p53/p21 signaling and ROS production.

Perlonguminine is an alkaloid amide isolated from species of the genus Piper, a plant used in traditional medicine that demonstrates antifungal, anticancer, antihyperlipidemic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Perlonguminine selectively targets a wide spectrum of cancer cells and induce cancer cell death by initiating various pathways, such as apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. The elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), characteristic of oxidative stress, is an important mechanism by which Perlonguminine promotes cancer-selective cell death. However, the poor aqueous solubility of Perlonguminine is a serious concern for intensive investigations and clinical application.

Zinc Nicotinate is a mineral powder that is essential for the immune system, enzymes, hormones, the reproductive system, and the skeletal system. It is a functional food nutritional ingredient.

Testosterone succinate (Testosterone hemisuccinate) is a negatively charged derivative of Testosterone. It has being shown that Testosterone succinate induced relaxation of rat aorta, the effect was androgen structure specific and involved K+ channel activation. Testosterone succinate has being studied with respect to its antiviral activity.

Threo-sphingosine, (-)- is a stereoisomer of naturally occurring D-erythro-sphingosine. It is a Protein kinase C inhibitor. Threo-sphingosine, (-)- is partly active in induction of apoptosis and inhibition of MAPK activity in different kinds of solid tumor cell lines. It can be phosphorylated by cells, but the resulting L-Threo-sphingosine 1-phosphate does not bind and activate sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors, excluding their role in Threo-sphingosine, (-)-induced growth inhibition. Cell culture experiments with Diffuse large B cell lymphoma cell lines that were incubated with Threo-sphingosine, (-)- manifested significant inhibition of cell growth, while incubation of cells with similar concentrations of sphingosine 1-phosphate was ineffective. These results suggest that Threo-sphingosine, (-)- accumulation could be an alternative treatment option for Diffuse large B cell lymphoma.

Teupolioside (known also as Lamiuside “A”) is a secondary metabolite produced by the Ajuga reptans plant for defensive purposes against environmental agents such as UV radiation. Teupolioside has shown a wide range of activities and it generally acts as an intinflammatory molecule. Moreover, Teupolioside is able to modulate testosterone-related disorders, like juvenile acne, and for the prevention of hair loss in androgenic alopecia. Specific in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that Teupolioside has beneficial effects also on other pathologic conditions such as: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), Crohn’s syndrome and other gastro-intestinal diseases, Microvasculature diseases. Teupolioside exerts beneficial effects on a rodent model of colitis. Treatment with teupolioside significantly reduced the appearance of diarrhoea and the loss of body weight. This was associated with a remarkable amelioration in the disruption of the colonic architecture and a significant reduction in colonic myeloperoxidase activity and malondialdehyde levels. Teupolioside also reduced the pro-inflammatory cytokines release, the appearance of nitrotyrosine and PARP immunoreactivity in the colon and reduced the up-regulation of ICAM-1 and the expression of P-selectin. Therefore, teupolioside also reduced proMMP-9 and -2 activity induced in the colon by DNBS administration. Teupolioside-containing extracts significantly accelerated wound healing and possessed remarkable anti-inflammatory action in the excision wound model.

Platycodin D, a triterpenoid saponin, is one the major active components of the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum and possesses multiple biological and pharmacological properties including, anti-nociceptive, anti-atherosclerosis, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, immunoregulatory, hepatoprotective and anti-tumor activities. Platycodin D has been shown to exert anti-tumor activity in various cancer cells without affecting normal cells in various in vitro and in vivo models. Platycodin D has been extensively investigated and found to exhibit significant anti-cancer activity against a wide range of human cancers types both in vitro and in vivo through multiple mechanisms which are considered to be crucial and central to cancer development and metastasis. Apart from in vitro anti-cancer activity of Platycodin D, various tumor models and drug administration routes have been tested for Platycodin D in vivo. Both intraperitoneal, as well as oral administration of Platycodin D, has been shown to exhibit significant anti-tumor activity. Intraperitoneal administration of Platycodin D at a dose of 5 mg/kg bodyweight significantly reduced the volume and size of MDA-MB-231 xenograft tumor.