Guttiferone F (GF) is a prenylated benzophenone derivative firstly isolated from Allanblackia stuhlmannii. In preclinical studies, Guttiferone F induce caspase-3 mediated apoptosis in HeLa cells and prostate cancer cell apoptosis under serum starvation via Ca2+ elevation and JNK activation. Combined with caloric restriction, Guttiferone F exerted significant growth inhibition of PC3 cells xenograft in vivo.

Hypaphorine is the alkaloid isolated from the seeds of Brazilian medicinal plant Erythrina spp. This compound was investigated for sleep-promoting effects in mice, and the results showed that it significantly increased non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep time during the first hour after its administration. Hypaphorine prevented the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into adipocytes by down-regulating hormone-stimulated protein expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBPα), and their downstream targets, sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 c (SREBP1c) and fatty acid synthase (FAS). Hypaphorine may exert anti-inflammatory actions through the regulation of TLR4 and PPAR-γ dependent on PI3K/Akt/mTOR signal pathways. It is considered as a therapeutic agent that can potentially relieve or ameliorate endothelial inflammation-associated diseases. Hypaphorine was also a key component of Vaccaria segetalis. Vaccaria hypaphorine might be considered as a potential therapeutic agent for treating osteoclast-based bone loss.

Adrenoglomerulotropin is a lipid factor obtained from pineal extracts, selectively stimulates secretion of aldosterone.

Imperialine is a steroidal alkaloid first isolated from the bulb of Fritillaria imperialis L. (Liliaceae). Bulbs of Fritillaria have been used in many Asian countries for a long time to treat pulmonary diseases, such as cough, expectoration, and asthma. Imperialine is one of the biologically active constituents in Fritillaria. It acts as a selective antagonist at muscarinic M2 receptors. It exerts antitussive, expectorant, and anti-inflammatory properties. In addition, imperialine demonstrated antineoplastic potential in vitro.

Shikonin is a major naphthoquinone compound found in the roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon and exhibits powerful anticancer activities for various cancer cells. Shikonin and its derivatives are characterized by a wide spectrum of antibacterial activities: high antibacterial activity towards Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus et al.), a stable fungicidal effect towards Candida and Trichosporon fungi. Shikonin normalizes the production of the key mediators of inflammation IL-1 and IL-2, IFN-γ, reduces vascular permeability in the focus of inflammation, exhibiting a marked anti-inflammatory effect. Combined therapy with applications of a bio-polymeric film with shikonin and its esters (naphthoquinone derivatives) led to an obvious improvement of the clinical parameters and reduced the morphological signs of the buccal mucosal lesions. The drug was well tolerated by all patients and no side effects were recorded. Shikonin, as a naturally occurring, low-molecular-weight pan-chemokine receptor inhibitor, constitutes a basis for the development of novel anti-HIV therapeutic agents.

Ponasterone A is a member of the ecdysteroid family, and an agonist of edysone receptor (EcR). It is an insect steroid hormone that regulates the metamorphosis of Drosophila melanogaster. As it don't have a target in mammalian cells, it is used as a tool compound to activate EcR in artificially engineered cells.

Cardiotonic agent. Glucodigitoxigenin (digitoxigenin-glucoside) is a constituent of the cardenolide complex. Glucodigitoxigenin (0.056 umol/kg) produced increases in myocardial contractility. Glucodigitoxigenin caused a significantly greater increase in blood pressure than digoxin.