Cefotiam is a third generation beta-lactam cephalosporin antibiotic. It has broad spectrum activity against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. It does not have activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The bactericidal activity of cefotiam results from the inhibition of cell wall synthesis via affinity for penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs).

Cefmenoxime is a semisynthetic beta-lactam cephalosporin antibiotic with activity similar to that of cefotaxime. Like other 'third-generation' cephalosporins it is active in vitro against most common Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, is a potent inhibitor of Enterobacteriaceae (including beta-lactamase-producing strains), and is resistant to hydrolysis by beta-lactamases. Cefmenoxime has a high rate of clinical efficacy in many types of infection and is at least equal in clinical and bacteriological efficacy to several other cephalosporins in urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, postoperative infections and gonorrhoea. The bactericidal activity of cefmenoxime results from the inhibition of cell wall synthesis via affinity for penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs). Cefmenoxime is stable in the presence of a variety of b-lactamases, including penicillinases and some cephalosporinases. Cefmenoxime is marketed in Japan under the brand name Bestron, indicated for the treatment of otitis externa, otitis media, and sinusitis. Cefmenoxime hydrochloride was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on Dec 30, 1987. It was developed and marketed as Cefmax®, but it has being discontinued.

Bacampicillin is a penicillin antibiotic. It is a prodrug of ampicillin with improved oral bioavailability. It exerts bactericidal activity via inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding one or more of the penicillin binding proteins (PBPs). Spectrobid is used to treat bacterial infections such as tonsillitis, pneumonia (lung infection), bronchitis (inflammation of airway), urinary tract infections, gonorrhea, and infections of the skin. Adverse effects are: anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, agranulocytosis, seizures, nephrotoxicity, Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction (fever, chills, sweating, tachycardia, hyperventilation, flushing, and myalgia). Drug interactions: Contraceptives - decreased contraceptive effectiveness; Live Typhoid Vaccine - decreased immunological response to the typhoid vaccine; Probenecid - increased bacampicillin levels.

Cefamandole (also known as cephamandole) is a broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic. The clinically used form of cefamandole is an ester form, cefamandole nafate, a prodrug. Cefamandole is no longer available in USA, but it has prescription in UK. Cefamandole under brand name mandol is indicated for the treatment of serious infections caused by susceptible strains of the designated microorganisms such as: lower respiratory infections, including pneumonia, caused by S. pneumoniae. So as urinary tract infections caused by E. coli, Proteus spp.; peritonitis caused by E. coli and Enterobacter spp. Septicemia caused by E. coli; skin and skin structure infections caused by S. aureus; bone and joint infections caused by S. aureus (penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing). Like all beta-lactam antibiotics, cefamandole binds to specific penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located inside the bacterial cell wall, causing the inhibition of the third and last stage of bacterial cell wall synthesis. Bacterial cell wall autolytic enzymes such as autolysins then mediate cell lysis; it is possible that cefamandole interferes with an autolysin inhibitor.

Methicillin sodium anhydrous is a sodium salt of methicillin (methicillin). Methicillin is an antibiotic formerly used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by organisms of the genus Staphylococcus. Methicillin is a semisynthetic derivative of penicillin. It was first produced in the late 1950s and was developed as a type of antibiotic called penicillinase-resistant penicillin—it contained a modification to the original penicillin structure that made it resistant to a bacterial enzyme called penicillinase (beta-lactamase). Compared to other penicillins that face antimicrobial resistance due to β-lactamase, it is less active, can be administered only parenterally, and has a higher frequency of interstitial nephritis, an otherwise-rare adverse effect of penicillins. However, the selection of meticillin depended on the outcome of susceptibility testing of the sampled infection, and since it is no longer produced, it is also not routinely tested for anymore.

Pheneticillin (phenoxyethylpenicillin) is an oral penicillin used for the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections; lower respiratory tract infections; skin and soft tissue infections. Pheneticillin inhibits the synthesis of the cell wall by inhibiting the penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) function. It is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. It reaches the pleural and peritoneal cavities but doesn’t cross the blood-brain barrier. Diarrhea has sometimes occurred with therapeutic doses in man.

Pradofloxacin (trade name Veraflox) is a 3rd generation enhanced spectrum veterinary antibiotic of the fluoroquinolone class. It was developed by Bayer HealthCare AG, Animal Health GmbH, and received approval from the European Commission in April 2011 for prescription-only use in veterinary medicine for the treatment of bacterial infections in dogs and cats. The primary mode of action of fluoroquinolones involves interaction with enzymes essential for major DNA functions such as replication, transcription, and recombination. The primary targets for Pradofloxacin are the bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV enzymes. Reversible association between Pradofloxacin and DNA gyrase or DNA topoisomerase IV in the target bacteria results in inhibition of these enzymes and rapid death of the bacterial cell. The rapidity and extent of bacterial killing are directly proportional to the drug concentration.

Tilmicosin is a macrolide antibiotic was prepared by chemical modifications of desmycosin, and is used in veterinary. It is recommended for treatment and prevention of pneumonia in cattle, sheep and pigs, associated with Pasteurella haemolytica, P. multocida, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, mycoplasma species and other microorganisms found sensitive to this compound. Tilmicosin belongs to 16-membered ring group of class macrolides. The antimicrobial mechanism seems to be the same for all of the macrolides. They interfere with protein synthesis by reversibly binding to the 50S subunit of the ribosome. They appear to bind at the donor site, thus preventing the translocation necessary to keep the peptide chain growing. The effect is essentially confined to rapidly dividing bacteria and mycoplasmas. Macrolides are regarded as being bacteriostatic but demonstrate bactericidal activity at high concentrations.

Orbifloxacin (brand name Orbax) is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic which is approved for use in dogs and cats, abd marketed by Schering-Plough Animal Health. Orbifloxacin is a synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial agent from the class of fluoroquinolone carboxylic acid derivatives. Orbifloxacin is the international nonproprietary name for 1-cyclopropyl-5,6,8-trifluoro-1,4-dihydro-7-(cis-3,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid. ORBAX® Oral Suspension is a malt flavored antibiotic suspension containing 30 mg/mL of orbifloxacin and sorbic acid as a preservative. ORBAX® Oral Suspension is indicated for the treatment of urinary tract infections (cystitis) and also for skin and soft tissue infections (wounds and abscesses). Orbifloxacin is bactericidal against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive organisms and exerts its antibacterial effect through interference with the bacterial enzyme DNA gyrase which is needed for the maintenance and synthesis of bacterial DNA.

Lenampicillin is a prodrug of ampicillin that inhibits bacterial penicillin binding proteins (transpeptidase) and thus is effective against a wide range of bacterial infections. The drug was developed and marketed in Japan (Takacillin, Varacillin), however its current marketing status is unknown and supposed to be discontinued.