Folic Acid is a B complex vitamin containing a pteridine moiety linked by a methylene bridge to para-aminobenzoic acid, which is joined by a peptide linkage to glutamic acid. Conjugates of Folic Acid are present in a wide variety of foods, particularly liver, kidneys, yeast and leafy green vegetables. Commercially available Folic Acid is prepared synthetically. Folic Acid occurs as a yellow or yellowish-orange crystalline powder and is very slightly soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol. Aqueous solutions of Folic Acid are heat sensitive and rapidly decompose in the presence of light and/or riboflavin; solutions should be stored in a cool place protected from light. Folic Acid is effective in the treatment of megaloblastic anemias due to a deficiency of Folic Acid (as may be seen in tropical or nontropical sprue) and in anemia of nutritional origin, pregnancy, infancy, or childhood. Folic Acid is relatively nontoxic in man. Rare instances of allergic responses to Folic Acid preparations have been reported and have included erythema, skin rash, itching, general malaise, and respiratory difficulty due to bronchospasm. Endocyte is developing an intravenous (IV) formulation of folic acid, called Neocepri®, which is intended for the diagnosis of positive folate receptor-positive status in patients with ovarian cancer when administered prior to the radioactive medicine, technetium Tc99m Etarfolatide. The benefits of Neocepri® are its ability to reduce the background activity observed on single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging in most normal, nontarget tissues (e.g. intestines, liver, kidney, spleen), thereby improving the image quality of the scans. The product had been granted orphan drug designation in the EU. Endocyte had filed a conditional marketing authorization application (CMA) with the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for Neocepri®.

Nervonic acid is a long chain unsaturated fatty acid that is enriched in sphingomyelin. It consists of choline, sphingosine, phosphoric acid, and fatty acid. Nervonic acid may enhance the brain functions and prevent demyelination (Chemical Land21). Research shows that there is negative relationship between nervonic acid and obesity-related risk factors. Demyelination in adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is associated with an accumulation of very long chain saturated fatty acids stemming from a genetic defect in the peroxisomal beta oxidation system responsible for the chain shortening of these fatty acids. Sphingolipids from post mortem ALD brain have decreased levels of nervonic acid, 24:1(n-9), and increased levels of stearic acid, 18:0. Nervonic acid (C24:1), a component of membrane sphingolipids and phosphatidylethanolamines, may be a useful predictor of chronic kidney disease mortality and diabetes. Nervonic acid oils are being studied for pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and industrial applications. Nervonic acid is a major component of Lunaria oil. There is increasing evidence that dietary supplementation with nervonic acid is healthy for babies and infants during the early stage of brain development. Nervonic acid has been reported to reduce the shaking associated with Parkinson’s disease and the numbness caused by multiple sclerosis. It also has potential for treating schizophrenia and reducing early Alzheimer’s symptoms.

Erucic acid is a monounsaturated omega-9 fatty acid found mainly in the Brassica family of plants such as canola, rapeseed, wallflower seed, mustard seed as well as Brussels spouts and broccoli. Erucic acid has many of the same uses as mineral oils but with the advantage that it is more readily biodegradable. Its high tolerance to temperature makes it suitable for transmission oil. Its ability to polymerize and dry means it can be - and is - used as a binder for oil paints. Increased levels of eicosenoic acid (20:ln9) and erucic acid (22:1n9) have been found in the red blood cell membranes of autistic subjects with developmental regression. While studies done on laboratory animals in the early 1970s show that erucic acid appears to have toxic effects on the heart at high enough doses, an association between the consumption of rapeseed oil and increased myocardial lipidosis, or heart disease, has not been established for humans. While there are reports of toxicity from long-term use of Lorenzo's oil (which contains erucic acid and other ingredients), there are no reports of harm to people from dietary consumption of erucic acid. In 2003, Food Standards Australia set a provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI) for an average adult of about 500 mg/day of erucic acid, extrapolated based on "the level that is associated with increased myocardial lipidosis in nursing pigs."

Palmitoleic acid, commonly known as omega-7, is a rare monounsatured fatty acid, which was generally reported to benefit the skin in promoting epithelialisation, and certain gynaecological problems (vaginal mycoses). Until now, sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides), a shrub widely found in Europe and Asia, and macadamia nuts have been the principal sources. Palmitoleic acid (PMA) has anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic activities. Palmitoleic acid is a gap junction uncoupler.

Sodium myristate is the sodium salt of myristic acid. It is used in the food as the binder, emulsifier and anticaking agent. It is one of the commonly occurring soaps. It is used in cosmetic as a cleansing and emulsifying agent.

Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), an 18-carbon omega-3 essential fatty acid, is the precursor of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). ALA cannot be synthesized by humans and therefore must be entirely acquired from exogenous sources. Evidence for the essentiality of ALA was first provided by a study showing that ALA supplementation reversed the abnormal neurologic signs observed in a 6-year-old girl who suffered from sensory loss and visual complications. Most of the ALA is catabolized via beta-oxidation for energy generation, and a small proportion of it undergoes conversion to produce another two potent members of omega-3 PUFA family: EPA and DHA. Delta 6 desaturase (D6D) enzyme is responsible the conversion of ALA to DHA. Although not conclusive, it was suggested, that the benefits associated with ALA seem to stem mainly from EPA and DHA, and as major consequence of ALA deficiency it appears that EPA and DHA are not adequately produced.

Folic Acid is a B complex vitamin containing a pteridine moiety linked by a methylene bridge to para-aminobenzoic acid, which is joined by a peptide linkage to glutamic acid. Conjugates of Folic Acid are present in a wide variety of foods, particularly liver, kidneys, yeast and leafy green vegetables. Commercially available Folic Acid is prepared synthetically. Folic Acid occurs as a yellow or yellowish-orange crystalline powder and is very slightly soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol. Aqueous solutions of Folic Acid are heat sensitive and rapidly decompose in the presence of light and/or riboflavin; solutions should be stored in a cool place protected from light. Folic Acid is effective in the treatment of megaloblastic anemias due to a deficiency of Folic Acid (as may be seen in tropical or nontropical sprue) and in anemia of nutritional origin, pregnancy, infancy, or childhood. Folic Acid is relatively nontoxic in man. Rare instances of allergic responses to Folic Acid preparations have been reported and have included erythema, skin rash, itching, general malaise, and respiratory difficulty due to bronchospasm. Endocyte is developing an intravenous (IV) formulation of folic acid, called Neocepri®, which is intended for the diagnosis of positive folate receptor-positive status in patients with ovarian cancer when administered prior to the radioactive medicine, technetium Tc99m Etarfolatide. The benefits of Neocepri® are its ability to reduce the background activity observed on single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging in most normal, nontarget tissues (e.g. intestines, liver, kidney, spleen), thereby improving the image quality of the scans. The product had been granted orphan drug designation in the EU. Endocyte had filed a conditional marketing authorization application (CMA) with the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for Neocepri®.

Folic Acid is a B complex vitamin containing a pteridine moiety linked by a methylene bridge to para-aminobenzoic acid, which is joined by a peptide linkage to glutamic acid. Conjugates of Folic Acid are present in a wide variety of foods, particularly liver, kidneys, yeast and leafy green vegetables. Commercially available Folic Acid is prepared synthetically. Folic Acid occurs as a yellow or yellowish-orange crystalline powder and is very slightly soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol. Aqueous solutions of Folic Acid are heat sensitive and rapidly decompose in the presence of light and/or riboflavin; solutions should be stored in a cool place protected from light. Folic Acid is effective in the treatment of megaloblastic anemias due to a deficiency of Folic Acid (as may be seen in tropical or nontropical sprue) and in anemia of nutritional origin, pregnancy, infancy, or childhood. Folic Acid is relatively nontoxic in man. Rare instances of allergic responses to Folic Acid preparations have been reported and have included erythema, skin rash, itching, general malaise, and respiratory difficulty due to bronchospasm. Endocyte is developing an intravenous (IV) formulation of folic acid, called Neocepri®, which is intended for the diagnosis of positive folate receptor-positive status in patients with ovarian cancer when administered prior to the radioactive medicine, technetium Tc99m Etarfolatide. The benefits of Neocepri® are its ability to reduce the background activity observed on single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging in most normal, nontarget tissues (e.g. intestines, liver, kidney, spleen), thereby improving the image quality of the scans. The product had been granted orphan drug designation in the EU. Endocyte had filed a conditional marketing authorization application (CMA) with the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for Neocepri®.