Carbon dioxide is a colorless gas occurring naturally in Earth's atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is a primary carbon source for life on Earth. It is produced by all aerobic organisms during metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids. Carbon dioxide is used in food industry as an acidity regulator and for production of carbonated soft drinks and soda water. In medicine, carbon dioxide is commonly used as an insufflation gas for minimally invasive surgery (laparoscopy, endoscopy, and arthroscopy) to enlarge and stabilize body cavities to provide better visibility of the surgical area. A mixture of carbon dioxide and oxygen is used for stimulation of breathing after apnea, in anesthetic procedures to increase the depth of respiration, to facilitate blind intubations in anesthetic practice.

Magnesium oxalate is an inorganic compound comprising a magnesium cation with a 2+ charge bonded to an oxalate anion. Magnesium oxalate is a strong dicarboxylic acid occurring in many plants and vegetables. It is produced in the body by metabolism of glyoxylic acid or ascorbic acid. It is not metabolized but excreted in the urine. It is used as an analytical reagent and general reducing agent. Magnesium oxalate agar was found to select against virulent types of Yersinia enterocolitica.

Magnesium perchlorate is a strong oxidizing agent. Magnesium perchlorate has been found to be an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of imines and phenylhydrazones by the reaction of carbonyl compounds with amines and phenylhydrazine in high yields at room temperatures and in short times. Magnesium perchlorate has being shown to be a radiosensitizer in in vitro radiolysis of nucleotides.

Magnesium palmitate is an anticaking and vicosity controlling agent. Magnesium palmitate is also used for the preparation of growth media.

Magnesium oxalate is an inorganic compound comprising a magnesium cation with a 2+ charge bonded to an oxalate anion. Magnesium oxalate is a strong dicarboxylic acid occurring in many plants and vegetables. It is produced in the body by metabolism of glyoxylic acid or ascorbic acid. It is not metabolized but excreted in the urine. It is used as an analytical reagent and general reducing agent. Magnesium oxalate agar was found to select against virulent types of Yersinia enterocolitica.