Fonturacetam, also known as Phenylpiracetam, is marketed in Russia as Carphedon and Phenotropil. It is one of the first ever nootropic drugs and originally discovered in Russia. Fonturacetam acts on most neurotransmitter systems and has been used for its cognitive and physical enhancing properties, and also as an antidepressant.

Hexacyclonic Acid (aka gevilon) has been clinically demonstrated to produce hypolipidemic effects. It has been investigated as a treatment for coronary heart disease, and hypertensive disease with severe lipid metabolic disturbances. Gevilon has been found to have a hypolipidemic effect in reducing the levels of total cholesterol, beta-cholesterol, triglycerides, increasing alpha-cholesterol levels and normalizing the atherogenicity coefficient; especially in patients with Type IIb dyslipoproteinemia.

Foropafant is a platelet-activating factor (PAF) antagonist which was developed by Sanofi. It was in clinical development for the treatment of asthma, thrombosis and ulcerative colitis. The development of the drug was discontinued due to lack of efficacy.

Etaqualone (Aolan, Athinazone) is an analog of the hypnotic methaqualone, a non-barbiturate sedative it was developed and marked in France. Etaqualone possesses sedative and hypnotic properties and was used to treat insomnia resulting from its agonist activity at the β subtype of the GABAa receptor.

Zaltidine (CP-57,361) is a guanidinothiazolylimidazole compound which is a highly specific H2-receptor antagonist. It potently inhibits gastric acid secretion. Zaltidine appears to be an effective treatment of duodenal ulcer in human studies. However, the incidence of hepatic damage (8%) seems higher than with commonly used H2-receptor antagonists.

Clorotepine (aka octoclothepin or octoclothepine) is an antipsychotic from the tricyclic group derived from perathiepin. It was originally developed in 1965 and marketed in the Czech Republic by Spofa in or around 1971 for the treatment of schizophrenic psychosis. Clorotepine has a high affinity for the dopamine (D1, D2, D3, D4), receptors the serotonin 5-HT (2A, 2B, 2C, 6, 7) receptors, the alpha-adrenergic receptors (1A, 1B, 1D), and the histamine H1 receptors. In most instances, it acts as an antagonist (or inverse agonist). Clorotepine will also block the reuptake of norepinephrine by inhibiting the norepinephrine transporter.

Zaprinast is (M&B 22,948; 2-o-propoxy-phenyl-8-azapurin-6-one) is a selective inhibitor of cyclic GMP (cGMP)-dependent phosphodiesterases, with vasodilation activity in a variety of species and tissues. The potency of zaprinast as a vasorelaxant varies with the species, the tissue, and the presence and absence of endothelium. Zaprinast apparently loses all or most of its vasorelaxant capacity when arteries have been denuded of the endothelial cell layer. Alternatively, the vasorelaxant effects of zaprinast can be attenuated using methylene blue, an inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase and hemoglobin inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis. Therefore, zaprinast-induced relaxations appear to be endothelium-dependent. In human platelets zaprinast, at a dose of 10 mkM, caused a modest (20%) inhibition of aggregation as well as a small increase in cGMP content. In anesthetized rats, zaprinast dose-dependently lowered mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), an effect that correlated well with increased levels of plasma cGMP. Zaprinast decreased mean arterial pressure, the reduction being inversely related to zaprinast concentration. Zaprinast had no effect on heart rate, but increased cardiac output, urinary output, urinary sodium excretion, as well as renal blood flow. Oral administration of zaprinast to spontaneously hypertensive rats at a dose of 200 mg/kg/day normalized blood pressure. In normotensive rats, however, no changes in blood pressure were observed with the same treatment. In an initial placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover trial, 10 mg of zaprinast was effective in reducing exercise-, but not histamine-induced bronchoconstriction in adult asthmatics. However, in a similar study with asthmatic children, zaprinast was ineffective in preventing exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Since then the clinical development of zaprinast has been discontinued.

Enfenamic acid (under brand name tromaril) is an anthranilic acid derivative with potent anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, analgesic and antipyretic actions. It has additional unique property of anti-platelet aggregation activity, without disturbing any other blood coagulation factors. It also differs from other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents like indomethacin, in producing diuresis and natriuresis. In the clinical study, tromaril showed itself as a strong and effective drug for use in various eye diseases.

Salacetamide is a derivative of salicylic acid. It is analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic agent.

Glybuthiazole is a sulfonamide derivative with antihyperglycemic activity, which possesses anti-diabetic properties. It is able to lower blood glucose levels by increasing the release of insulin from pancreatic beta cells.