Magnesium chlorate (magnesium dichlorate) is a chemical compound with molecular formula Cl2MgO6. It is a powerful desiccant and defoliant (esp. for cotton, soft fruit, potato, rice and wheat). Inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. At the same time this compound can be found in some lubricant eye drops as an inactive ingredient.

Phloretin is the aglucone of phlorizin, a plant-derived dihydrochalcone phytochemical reported to promote potent antioxidative activities in peroxynitrite scavenging and the inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Phloretin, which is present in apples, pears, and tomatoes, has been found to inhibit the growth of several cancer cells and induce apoptosis of B16 melanoma and HL60 human leukemia cells. Phloretin also inhibits HT-29 cell growth by inducing apoptosis, which may be mediated through changes in mitochondrial membrane permeability and activation of the caspase pathways. Phloretin is a biomarker for the consumption of apples. As for topical application to the skin, phloretin neutralizes damaging free radicals, helps improve cell turnover, and improves the appearance of discoloration.

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is an enzyme required for the formation of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF), a form of folate able to cross the blood-brain barrier and which is necessary as a substrate for the remethylation of homocysteine to methionine by methionine synthase. Patients with severe MTHFR deficiency cannot make 5-MTHF and have extremely low levels in the CSF. Only treatment with oral 5-MTHF given as calcium mefolinate resulted in an increase in CSF 5-MTHF.

SELENATE ION is a compound containing an oxoanion with selenium in its highest oxidation state of VI. Selenates are analogous to sulfates and have similar chemistry, but unlike sulfate, selenate is a good oxidizer. Selenate is the form required by organisms that need selenium as a micronutrient. These organisms have the ability to acquire, metabolize and excrete selenium. The level at which selenium becomes toxic varies from species to species and is related to other environmental factors like pH and alkalinity that influence the concentration of selenite over selenate. Selenate and other forms of selenium are highest in areas where ancient seas have evaporated. These areas are enriched in selenium and over millennia, biologic adaptation has occurred.

Astaxanthin (ATX), a red-orange carotenoid that originates the pink or red color of salmon, trout, lobster, shrimp, and other sea organisms, exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects. Recently, ATX was shown to protect neurons in experimental models of acute injuries, chronic neurodegenerative disorders, and neurological diseases and was proposed as a beneficial strategy to treat neurological diseases. In addition, ATX chelates several metal ions, preventing metal ion-induced oxidative stress, it has anti-inflammatory properties and it acts as a damper of singlet oxygen levels. Being a part of naturally derived supplements Oncotris™ in genitourinary cancer patients was revealed, that astaxanthin could support the body to overcome the treatment-related toxicities - and the relative oxidative stress in cancer patients.

Gentisic acid is an active metabolite of salicylic acid degradation, which possesses a broad spectrum of biological activity, such as anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic and antioxidant properties. The antioxidant activity and radioprotective properties of gentisic acid are exerted by its phenoxyl group. It is also used in cosmetics as a skin-whitening agent for the treatment of skin pigmentary disorders by influencing the synthesis of melanin through inhibition of melanosomal tyrosinase activity Gentisic acid is also a biomarker of Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Piroctone olamine is used in combination with other substances as a part of shampoo effectively reduced the amount of dandruff and, at the same time, provided hair conditioning advantages. Recently was shown, that piroctone olamine could induce apoptosis and possessed a significant in vivo effect against myeloma.

Linalool (3,7-dimethyl-1,6-octadien-3-ol) is a very fragrant component of various herbs such as lavender, mint, and coriander that can be a potent skin irritant, causing contact dermatitis in some sensitive individuals. Linalool is used as a scent in perfumed hygiene products and cleaning agents including soaps, detergents, shampoos, and lotions. Linalool is used by pest professionals as a flea, fruit fly, and cockroach insecticide. It can also be used a method of pest control for codling moths. Linalool creates a synergistic effect with the codling moth's pheromone called codlemone, which increases the attraction of males. Linalool can be absorbed by inhalation of its aerosol and by oral intake or skin absorption, potentially causing irritation, pain and allergic reactions.

Triethylene glycol is used in the vapor state as an air-sterilizing agent, toxic to bacteria, fungi and viruses in low concentrations in air. It is used in cosmetics as a fragrance ingredient and as a viscosity-decreasing agent. Commercially available triethylene glycol increased non-rapid eye movement sleep in mice in a dose-dependent manner. These results clearly demonstrated that triethylene glycol could potentially be useful for insomnia therapy. Triethylene glycol is used for occasional constipation and other conditions.