Ifenprodil (marketed under the brands Vadilex; Dilvax; Creocral; Cerocral) is a selective NMDA receptor (glutamate) antagonist. Additionally, ifenprodil inhibits GIRK channels, and interacts with alpha1 adrenergic, serotonin, and sigma receptors. Ifenprodil acts as a vasodilator. Ifenprodil is a medicine available in a number of countries worldwide, but not in US.

Benzilonium is an antispasmodic and antimuscarinic drug. Benzilonium bromide is a quarternary antimuscarinic agent with minimal passage of the blood-brain barrier.

Phosphocreatine (creatine phosphate, PCr, PC) is the phosphorylated form of endogenous creatine that serves as a rapidly mobilizable reserve of high-energy phosphates in skeletal muscle and the brain of vertebrates. Phosphocreatine is a key component in the intracellular system of energy buffering and transports from the site of energy production to the site of energy utilization to ensure that supply meets the high and dynamic demands of the heart. Phosphocreatine can anaerobically donate a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP during the first two to seven seconds following an intense muscular or neuronal effort. Conversely, excess ATP can be used during a period of low effort to convert creatine to phosphocreatine. The reversible phosphorylation of creatine is catalyzed by several creatine kinases. Particularly, PCr makes the energy of phosphoryl bonds of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) available at the myofibrillar creatine kinase that allows myocardium contraction. Supplementation with PCr was, therefore, suggested as potentially beneficial in patients with acute and chronic myocardial ischaemic injury. Phosphocreatine has been tried in the treatment of cardiac disorders and has been added to cardioplegic solutions. Phosphocreatine is used intravenously in hospitals in some parts of the world for cardiovascular problems under the name Neoton and also used by some professional athletes, as it is not a controlled substance.

α-Asarone is a phytochemical compound with neuroprotective, anti-oxidative, anticonvulsive and cognitive enhancing action, isolated from the Chinese medicinal herb Acorus tatarinowii. Numerous clinical studies in China had indicated the effectiveness of α-asarone against respiratory disorders and epilepsy. Asarone tablets have been clinically used as bronchial asthma and bronchitis prescription drug in China. Unfortunately, toxic and genotoxic studies of a-asarone have indicated that this compound may pose a risk to human health, including embryotoxicity and maternal toxicity in rats, hepatotoxicity in rat-cultivated hepatocytes, and in vivo and in vitro genotoxic damage in mammalian cells.

Fonzine (also known as dimetotiazine) is an analgesics and anti-inflammatory agent marketed in Japan and Europe under the name Migristene and indicated for the treatment of migraine and headaches secondary to other disease. Fonzine exerts its activity by inhibiting serotonin and histamine H1 receptors.

Teneligliptin is a DPP IV inhibitor which was developed by Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma and now is used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Asia under the name Tenelia.

Distigmine is an acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor. Distigmine shows direct binding to muscarinic receptors in the rat bladder, and repeated oral administration of distigmine causes downregulation of muscarinic receptors in the rat bladder. The observed direct interaction of distigmine with the bladder muscarinic receptors may partly contribute to the therapeutic and/or side effects seen in the treatment of detrusor underactivity. It is usually used to treat myasthenia gravis, dysuria due to hypotonic bladder such as neurogenic bladder or after surgery. Common side effects are: nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, increased salivation, hypersecretion in respiratory tract, sweating, bradycardia, miosis, difficulty in breathing. Distigmine has a greater risk of causing cholinergic crisis because of accumulation of the drug being more likely than with neostigmine or pyridostigmine and so distigmine is rarely used as a treatment for myasthenia gravis, unlike pyridostigmine and neostigmine.

Cyclovalone is a synthetic curcumin derivative in which the keto-enolic system is replaced by a cyclohexanone ring. Cyclovalone is a choleretic and cholagogic agent which stimulates the formation and secretion of bile, and also has an anti-inflammatory effect.

Enisamium (4-(benzylcarbamoyl)-1-methylpyridinium iodide) is an isonicotinic acid derivative, that used as an antiviral agent in Russia. Enisamium suppresses the effect of influenza viruses and other pathogens of acute respiratory viral infections due to a direct inhibitory effect on the penetration of viruses through the cell membrane. Enisamium has interferonogenic properties, promotes an increase in the concentration of endogenous interferon (interferon alfa and gamma) in blood plasma by 3-4 times.

Trimebutine [3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic acid 2-(dimethylamino)-2-phenylbutylester] is a noncompetitive spasmolytic agent. The actions of trimebutine on the gastrointestinal tract are mediated via (i) an agonist effect on peripheral mu, kappa and delta opiate receptors and (ii) release of gastrointestinal peptides such as motilin and modulation of the release of other peptides, including vasoactive intestinal peptide, gastrin and glucagon. Trimebutine attenuated colonic motility mainly through the inhibition of L-type Ca(2+) channels at higher concentrations, whereas, at lower concentrations, it depolarized membrane potentials by reducing BK(ca) currents, resulting in the enhancement of the muscle contractions.Trimebutine accelerates gastric emptying, induces premature phase III of the migrating motor complex in the intestine and modulates the contractile activity of the colon. It is indicated for the treatment and relief of symptoms associated with the irritable bowel syndrome (spastic colon); and in postoperative paralytic ileus in order to accelerate the resumption of the intestinal transit following abdominal surgery.