Isopropyl Stearate is an ester of isopropyl alcohol and stearic acid that used as binder, emollient, and moisturizer in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Stearate esters act primarily as lubricants on the skin's surface, which gives the skin a soft and smooth appearance. Isopropyl Stearate has the unique properties of low viscosity and oily nature, which results in a nongreasy, hydrophobic film when applied to the skin or lips. Undiluted Isopropyl Stearate was classified as a slight ocular irritant.

An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. Papaverine is a vasodilating agent. Papaverine is used for the treating certain conditions that are accompanied by smooth muscle spasms (eg, blood vessel, urinary, gallbladder, or intestinal spasm). Papaverine is a nonxanthine phosphodiesterase inhibitor for the relief of cerebral and peripheral ischemia associated with arterial spasm and myocardial ischemia complicated by arrhythmias. The main actions of Papaverine are exerted on cardiac and smooth muscle. Like qathidine, Papaverine acts directly on the heart muscle to depress conduction and prolong the refractory period. Papaverine relaxes various smooth muscles. This relaxation may be prominent if spasm exists. The muscle cell is not paralyzed by Papaverine and still responds to drugs and other stimuli causing contraction. The antispasmodic effect is a direct one, and unrelated to muscle innervation. Papaverine is practically devoid of effects on the central nervous system. Papaverine relaxes the smooth musculature of the larger blood vessels, especially coronary, systemic peripheral, and pulmonary arteries. Papaverine is a potent, specific inhibitor of PDE10A. Papaverine for treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) is excluded from coverage.

HYDROXYPROLINE, a hydroxylated form of the imino acid proline, is a major component of the protein collagen. For this reason, HYDROXYPROLINE content in biological fluids is used as a parameter of collagen catabolism, especially bone resorption or tissue degradation. A deficiency in ascorbic acid can result in impaired HYDROXYPROLINE formation.

Methyl chloride, also called chloromethane, mainly is used as a refrigerant. It’s known, that methyl chloride permeates through human epidermis when exposed at high atmospheric concentrations within relatively short timeframes. Recently published article has shown that chlorinated methyl group could be formed in humans, that might be an important target compound in future medical diagnostic programs.

HYDROXYETHYLETHYLENEDIAMINETRIACETIC ACID (HEDTA) is used in cosmetics and care products. It’s a chelating agent, which in combination with selenium was effective in reducing the concentration of Al and level of DNA damage. In addition, experiments with rodents have shown that combination of HEDTA and propolis preserved histological features, mitigated oxidative stress and improved liver, kidney, and brain functions more profoundly.

Glyceryl 1-oleate (1-O-Oleyl-rac-glycerol, Glyceryl oleate, Monoolein), is a surfactant that releases free glycerol and oleic acid upon hydrolysis. Monoolein has been used in liquid crystal studies and research shows that in the presence of monoolein, the penetration of the drug cisplatin (sc-200896) is doubled. Monoolein (1-Oleoyl-rac-glycerol) is used in the development of monoolein-based nanoparticulate liquid dispersions as possible vehicles for drug delivery. Glyceryl oleate is the monoester of glycerin and oleic acid. It's part of the hair lipids and skin lipids and has re-fating properties. Used as emulsifier and nonionic co-surfactant in various skin and hair care products. Creates water-in-oil emulsions (HLB value 3.5) but can also be used as a co-emulsifier and thickener for oil-in-water formulations. Add to oil/emulsifier phase of formulas. Typical use level: 0.5-3%. If used in surfactant systems, typical use level is 0.5-1% which should still keep shampoos clear and transparent.

Camphor, -/- is a bicyclic monoterpene ketone found widely in plants, especially Cinnamomum camphora. Camphor has anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. It is also used for its aromatic properties as an insect repellant and in embalming fluids. It is used topically as a skin antipruritic (itch relief) and as an anti-infective agent.

Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), an 18-carbon omega-3 essential fatty acid, is the precursor of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). ALA cannot be synthesized by humans and therefore must be entirely acquired from exogenous sources. Evidence for the essentiality of ALA was first provided by a study showing that ALA supplementation reversed the abnormal neurologic signs observed in a 6-year-old girl who suffered from sensory loss and visual complications. Most of the ALA is catabolized via beta-oxidation for energy generation, and a small proportion of it undergoes conversion to produce another two potent members of omega-3 PUFA family: EPA and DHA. Delta 6 desaturase (D6D) enzyme is responsible the conversion of ALA to DHA. Although not conclusive, it was suggested, that the benefits associated with ALA seem to stem mainly from EPA and DHA, and as major consequence of ALA deficiency it appears that EPA and DHA are not adequately produced.