Anagestone acetate is a progestin medication, used in the 1960s in combination with the estrogen mestranol as a combined birth control pill. Toxicological study of chronic administration in dogs and monkeys showed the increased risk of developing malignant tumors in the mammary glands and a dose-dependent, nonprogressive decrease in hemoglobin and hematocrits. The drug was voluntarily withdrawn from the market in 1969.

XANTHIOL, a thioxanthene derivative, is a neuroleptic. Phenothiazine nucleus may be replaced by xanthiol without greatly altering the effects upon psychotic symptomatology.

In the US, Ethaverine is a member of the drug class peripheral vasodilators. It’s an alkaloid prepared synthetically from opium with no narcotic properties. Directly relaxes all smooth muscles, especially when they have been spasmodically contracted. Action is especially pronounced when spasm is present on coronary, cerebral, pulmonary, and peripheral arteries. Acts directly on myocardium like quinidine; depresses conduction and irritability, and prolongs refractory period. Primarily for peripheral and cerebral vascular insufficiency associated with arterial spasm; also a smooth muscle spasmolytic in spastic conditions of the GI and GU tracts. Adverse Effects ( 1%) CNS: Vertigo, headache, drowsiness. CV: Hypotension, arrhythmias. GI: Nausea, anorexia, abdominal distress, dry throat. Other: Malaise, flushing, sweating, lassitude, respiratory depression. Ethaverine may decrease levodopa effectiveness; morphine may antagonize smooth muscle relaxation effect of ethaverine.

Iodine-labeled ioglycamic acid (Bilivistan or Biligram) has been used as a contrast medium for intravenous cholangiocystography.

Diloxanide (used in the form of furoate) was developed for the treatment of intestinal amoebiasis. The effectiveness of the drug was proved in clinical trials, however, the mechanism of its action is unknown. The drug is not marketed in the United States, athough it is available in India.

Ioglicinate, contrast agent, is used in computed tomography.

Amiphenazole, a respiratory stimulant, can be used parenteral and oral. Nicholas Laboratories marketed it under the trade name Daptazole. It was used to treat chronic respiratory failure, by increasing ventilation and by reduction of the pCO2 in some patients. Increased ventilation was brought about by an increase in tidal volume rather than an increase in respiratory rate. In combination with bemegride, amiphenazole was used as an antidote for barbiturate, glutethimide overdose, as well as poisoning from other sedative drugs. Now, this drug is used very rarely, because it replaced by more effective drugs.

Almitrine, a selective pulmonary vasoconstrictor and a respiratory stimulant that enhances respiration by acting as an agonist of peripheral chemoreceptors located on the carotid bodies. The drug increases arterial oxygen tension while decreasing arterial carbon dioxide tension in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In combination with raubasine, it used under the brand, name Duxil for the treatment of age-related cerebral disorders and functional rehabilitation after stroke. In addition, Duxil has been considered as an alternative treatment for dementia, but because of the low methodological quality of included trials and the small number of trials, the obtained data did not provide sufficient evidence to support the routine use of this drug for the disease.

OXYPENDYL, an azaphenothiazine derivative, is an antiemetic drug. It may also possess neuroleptic potency.

Thioproperazine is a potent neuroleptic with antipsychotic properties. Thioproperazine has a marked cataleptic and antiapomorphine activity associated with relatively slight sedative, hypothermic and spasmolytic effects. It is virtually without antiserotonin and hypotensive action and has no antihistaminic property. It is used for the treatment of all types of acute and chronic schizophrenia, including those which did not respond to the usual neuroleptics; manic syndromes. Overdosage may result in severe extrapyramidal symptoms with dysphagia, marked sialorrhea, persistent and rapidly increasing hyperthermia, pulmonary syndrome, state of shock with pallor and profuse sweating, which may be followed by collapse and coma.