Cefquinome is a 4th generation cephalosporin which is active against a broad spectrum of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. As many cephalosporin it acts by binding to bacterial PBP and thus inhibiting the cell wall synthesis. Cefquinome is approved for veterinary use in cattles with respiratory tract infections, skin infections, bacterial mastitis and septicaemia.

Cyclobarbital (5-cyclohexenyl-5-ethyl-barbituric acid) is a short-acting barbiturate exerting sedative-hypnotic properties. Cyclobarbital is metabolized to inactive ketocyclobarbital. The convention on psychotropic substances, which was signed in Vienna in 1971, today regulates cyclobarbital as a schedule III barbiturate. Cyclobarbital is used in combination with diazepam tranquilizer (Reladorm).

Benidipine is an orally triple L-, T-, and N-type calcium channel blocker for the treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris synthesized and developed by Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd. Benidipine, approved in Japan in November 1991, has become one of the three best selling CCBs and is highly useful as a potent, long-lasting antihypertensive and antianginal agent.

Parapenzolate bromide (Relanol) is safe and effective anticholinergic drug possessing antisecretory and antimotility properties and prolonged duration of action. Clinical investigation has shown that after an oral dose of the drug there was inhibition of both basal and histamine-stimulated acid outputs.

Candoxatril is the orally-active prodrug of candoxatrilat (UK-73967), a potent neutral endopeptidase (NEP) inhibitor. Neutral endopeptidase inhibitors such as Candoxatril have a dual mechanism of action. They inhibit two metalloprotease enzymes, neutral endopeptidase, and ACE, resulting in an increased availability of natriuretic peptides that exhibit vasodilatory effects and, possibly, tissue protective effects. Candoxatril is the first drug of its kind to be released for clinical trials regarding heart failure. This is because Candoxatril produces favorable hemodynamic effects in patients with chronic heart failure. It has been demonstrated that Candoxatril is associated with a beneficial hemodynamic effect that is useful both for rest and exercise. In several different studies, candoxatril has been shown to improve performance in people with heart failure. In one study, 12 different patients were selected, all with moderately severe heart failure. On day one of this study, the candoxatril had increased plasma ANP levels, suppressed aldosterone and decreased right atrial and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures. After treatment for 10 days, patients health had improved with an increase of basal ANP and a decrease of aldosterone, along with a reduced body weight that could be a reflection of chronic natriuretic, diuretic effects, or both. It was decided that on day 10 of the study, the effects of candoxatril were similar to that on day one.

Ablukast is a benzopyran derivative, a leukotriene receptor antagonist with potential as an antiasthmatic agent. Ablukast antagonized he hypotensive effect of N-methyl leukotriene C4 and leukotriene C4 (LTC4). Ablukast also antagonized the effects induced by high doses of leukotriene D4 and E4. Receptors that preferentially bind LTC4 in bullfrog vascular smooth muscle regulate the hypotensive effect and that they can be antagonized by ablukast. Ablukast has been in phase III clinical trials for the treatment of bowel disease. However, this research has been discontinued.

Cotinine is a product formed after the chemical nicotine enters the body. Measuring cotinine in people’s blood is the most reliable way to determine exposure to nicotine for both smokers and nonsmokers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. Cotinine is safe, non-addictive and has pharmacokinetic properties adequate for therapeutic use. Research has shown that cotinine has antipsychotic, anxiolytic, and antidepressant properties and modulates the serotonergic, cholinergic and dopaminergic systems. Cotinine behaves as a positive allosteric modulator of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and has anti-inflammatory effects. Cotinine is under investigation as an agent for the treatment of depression, PTSD, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.

Pitofenone is a spasmolytic agent. It exerts anticholinesterase and antimuscarinic activities. Pitofenone is used to relieve pain and spasms of smooth muscles. Pitofenone is also used for the treatment of back pain, sprains, and strains. Pitofenone is used in combination along with fenpiverinium bromide, and metamizole sodium. The drug is currently sold in Eastern Europe and India under various trade names. The combined preparation possesses strong analgesic, spasmolytic, cholinolytic and anti-inflammatory effects on the smooth muscles predominantly of the gastrointestinal and urogenital tract. Indications are strong pain in gastric or intestinal colic, kidney and gallstones, and for painful menstruation. Pitofenone hydrochloride present in the combination exerts papaverin-like spasmolytic effect on the vascular and extra-vascular smooth muscles of the stomach, intestines, urinary tract, biliary tract, and uterus.

Fluocortolone is a topical corticosteroid (class of steroid hormones formed in the adrenal gland). Is primary indicated in condition like, Ana fissure, Dermatosis haemorrhoids, proctitis. The signs and symptoms that are produced after the acute overdosage include convulsions, respiratory arrest, allergic skin reactions. Glucocorticoids, such as fluocortolone, act through nuclear hormone receptors Schaaf and Cidlowski (2002). The two members of this family are glucocorticoid receptor (GR) type I and GR type I I. Activation of these sites alters gene expression of endogenous agents that influence immune and inflammatory responses.

Cobaltous chloride Co-60 is a gamma emitter used in nuclear medicine in the form of high specific activity sources. Co-60 brachytherapy is used to treat carcinoma of the uterine cervix, the second most common cancer in women and the most common cause of death in cancer patients in the developing countries. Co-60 high dose rate brachytherapy unit is a good choice especially for the centers with a small number of brachytherapy procedures. Co-60 demonstrates cost-favorability in Peru and may similarly in other locations.