Seneciphylline, a pyrrolizidine alkaloid, the one of the main component of Chinese medicine herb Tusanqi, which is a reason of the hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (HSOS). In addition, experiments on rats have shown that seneciphylline had adverse effects on the development and organic morphodifferentiation of embryos, thus the pregnant people exposed to Hebra may get potential risk on the fetus.

Ethyl thiocyanate was tested as a fumigant in 1951.

Zinniol is a non-host selective phytotoxin which was originally isolated from culture filtrates of Alternaria zinnia, and then from those of A. dauci. This toxin induces several symptoms on zinnia and carrot and also inhibits seed germination of various plants. Zinniol has been shown to produce necrosis on leaves of susceptible marigold (Tagetes erecta) plants, probably through calcium regulation. The phytotoxin binds to carrot protoplasts and isolated membranes in a saturable and reversible manner. Receptor occupancy stimulates the entry of calcium into protoplasts. Zinniol can partially reverse the effects and binding of the calcium-channel blockers Desmethoxy-verapamil and bepridil. Selected cell lines that are insensitive to Zinniol lose part of their binding capacity and sensitivity to the action of the agonist-like compound but are still able to bind calcium-channel blockers.

Riboflavin 5'-sulfate is a derivative of riboflavin conjugated with a sulfate group at the terminal end of the ribityl moiety. Riboflavin 5' and 3' sulfate have been observed to accumulate in the roots of iron-deficient sugar beets.

Xanthyletin is one of the major components of guava leaf extract (GBF), which has traditionally been used for the treatment of diarrhea and diabetes in East Asia and other countries. Recent studies have shown that GBF could reduce the metastasis of lung cancer cells and was suggested that it could be used to control the metastatic process. Xanthyletin is also an inhibitor of symbiotic fungus (Leucoagaricus gongylophorus) of leaf-cutting ant (Atta sexdens rubropilosa) and has anti-inflammatory activity; it displayed potent nitric oxide (NO)-reducing activity in microglial cells.

Ethyl orsellinate, a secondary metabolite, extracted from Himalayan lichen Parmelia reticulata Tayl, possesses antimicrobial activity and shows good inhibition of protein glycation, and urease activities. Urease produced by Helicobacter pylori is one of the major causes of the pathogenesis of peptic, and gastric ulcers, as well as related cancers. The discovery and development of new enzymes inhibitors are important for the treatment of the related diseases.

Zinc sorbate might be included in antimicrobial compositions, used in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals

Rhapontin (3, 3', 5-trihydroxy-4'-methoxystilbene-3-O-glucoside), a natural stilbenoid glycoside widely distributed in the medicinal plants of Rheum genus in China, has anti-thrombotic, anti-allergic and anti-diabetic activity and can be used as the potent antihyperlipidemic agent. In addition was shown, that rhapontin possessed anti-fibrotic activities and could prevent pulmonary fibrosis in vivo by modulating AMPK activation and suppressing the TGF-β/Smad pathway.

Coprostanone is a metabolite of cholesterol. The conversion of cholesterol into coprostanol by intestinal microorganisms has been reported to occur by means of two different pathways. One pathway involves the intermediate formation of delta4-cholelestenone and coprostanone. In the other pathway, cholesterol is transformed into coprostanol by the direct reduction of the delta5 double bond. Coprostanone concentration is used as a fecal sterol biomarker in different investigations. For example, to determine of fecal sterols following a diet with and without plant sterols, to assess if faecal steroid excretion in humans is affected by calcium supplementation and other investigations.

Isochlorogenic acid is an epimer of chlorogenic acid.