Thiolutin is a naturally occurring bicyclic dithiole that was first isolated from Streptomyces luteorectiuli based on its antibiotic activities. Thiolutin inhibits the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and several gram-positive and -negative bacteria by inhibiting DNA-dependent RNA polymerases. It also inhibits the adhesion of endothelial cells, including adhesion of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to vitronectin, and restricts tumor cell-induced angiogenesis.

6-Methoxy-alpha-tetralone is the starting materials in the synthesis of several complex biologically active compounds. For example, syntheses of derivatives of oestrane and 19-norsteroids, Desmethylnafoxidine aziridine and others.

N-methylphthalimide (NMP) is an indole-based heterocyclic compound traditionally used as an intermediate for organic syntheses or as a building block for plastics and dyes. There are no known medical uses for NMP.

23-O-Acetylshengmanol-3-O-α-L-Arabinoside is an epimer of Acetylshengmanol Arabinoside. Both of which are obtained from rhizomes of Cimicifuga racemosa.

DL-Cystine is a racemic mixture of the proteinogenic amino acids L-cystine and the non-proteinogenic D-cystine. Cystine is the oxidized dimer form of the amino acid cysteine. L-Cystine serves two biological functions, a site of redox reactions and a mechanical linkage that allows proteins to retain their 3-dimensional structure. DL-cystine is used in the preparation of sulfur-containing dimeric and monomeric surfactants.

3-Hydroxymethyl-beta-carboline (3-HMC) is a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist both in vitro and in vivo. It antagonizes both the anticonvulsant and “anxiolytic” actions of diazepam. 3-HMC decreases sleep and reverses the hypnotic actions of flurazepam. 3-HMC is an active antagonist of the cerebrovascular and cerebral metabolic depression produced by flurazepam and can stimulate cerebral blood flow and cerebral O2 consumption at high doses when given alone. 3-HMC has the ability to specifically antagonize fentanyl anesthesia.

Dimethylammonium nitrate is used for the organic synthesis. For example, weak explosive non-cyclic nitramine, dimethylnitramine has been prepared from the dehydration of dimethylammonium nitrate in acetic anhydride.

Prulaurasin is isolated from cherry laurel leaves (Prunus laurocerasus) and other plants. Prulaurasin inhibits DNA polymerase beta with IC50 of 98 uM.

Dinitrobenzene (DNB) production yields a mixture of the three isomers. The ortho-isomer (o-DNB) forms colourless to yellow monoclinic plates. o-DNB is a substrate for glutathione-S-aryltransferase. The rapidity of the reaction suggests that this is the main pathway of metabolic o-DNB breakdown in the intact rat liver. o-DNB produced relevant amounts of metHb in human erythrocytes. Dinitrobenzene are used in dyes manufacture, explosives and plastics production.

The diethyl ester of oxalic acid has been most commonly used in synthesis. It was isolated from a filamentous of Aspergillus niger.