PB-22, a recreational “designer drugs”, is a cannabimimetic agent, it is a full agonist of cannabinoid receptors. PB-22 has an EC50 of 5.1 nM for human CB1 receptors, and 37 nM for human CB2 receptors. PB-22 produces bradycardia and hypothermia in rats at doses of 0.3–3 mg/kg, suggesting potent cannabinoid-like activity. PB-22 was designated as a Schedule I controlled substance in the United States.

Naringin Dihydrochalcone (Naringin DC) is a new-style sweetening agent and an artificial sweetener derived from naringin. It is 500-700 times sweeter than sucrose. Due to its many advantages like high sweet taste, low caloric, innocuity and safety, it can be used in edible, medicine and commodity trade. And because it tastes cleanlily, has long aftertaste and special faint scent and owns fine virtue of shielding bitterness, Naringin dihydrochalcone is in particular used for milky goods, fattiness and grease, freezed foodstuff, machining vegetable, jelly, comfiture, nonalcohol beverage, chewing gum, toothpaste and troche. Besides, it can substitute sugar for decreasing body absorption to sugar. It is really a evangel for fat person and patients who can not eat sugar.

There is no information in the scientific papers related to the biological and/or pharmacological application of dimethyl chloromalonate. The only is known, that this chemical compound participates as intermediate in chemical synthesis.

Purpurin (1,2,4-trihydroxy-9,10-anthraquinone), a natural red anthraquinone pigment in madder root (Rubia tinctorum L.), possesses antifungal activity against Candida species. Purpurin is also a specific inhibitor of adipocyte-derived leucine aminopeptidase (A-LAP) and can be developed as a new anti-angiogenic agent.

Aflatoxin G1 ((7aR,10aS)-3,4,7a,10a-tetrahydro-5-methoxy-1H,12H-furo[3',2':4,5]furo[2,3-h]pyrano[3,4-c][1]benzopyran-1,12-dione) is a food contaminant produced by various species of the common soil fungus, Aspergillus and is associated with toxicity and hepatocarcinogenicity in human and animal populations. Epidemiological studies have shown that Aflatoxin G1 is one of the most frequently detected contaminating mycotoxins in grains and foodstuffs in areas with high-incidence of lung and esophageal cancer

Aflatoxins consist of a group of approximately 20 related fungal metabolites, although only aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 are normally found in foods. Aflatoxin G2 was established as the dihydroxy derivative of Aflatoxin G1. Aflatoxin G2 is a minor mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus flavus Aflatoxin G2 belongs to the family of Difurocoumarolactone Series. The main target organ in mammals is the liver so aflatoxicosis is primarily a hepatic disease. Protracted exposure to aflatoxins may cause liver damage and necrosis, cholestasis, and hepatomas. Moreover, protracted exposure to aflatoxins has been associated with hepatocellular carcinoma, acute hepatitis, Reye's syndrome, bile duct cell proliferation, periportal fibrosis, hemorrhages, mucous membrane jaundice, fatty liver changes, cirrhosis in malnourished children, and kwashiorkor. However, aflatoxins accumulate in the presence of liver disease, and the association with hepatic cancer is confounded by the occurrence of hepatitis-B. Thus, it is not clear in these various instances whether aflatoxin is a primary cause of the disease, is an innocent bystander which accumulates secondary to the disease process, or is a contributing cause in conjunction with other factors. It is also mutagenic and teratogenic. Inhaled aflatoxins may produce pulmonary adenomatosis. Aflatoxins modify the immune system by affecting antibody formation, complement, cell-mediated immunity, and phagocytosis.

Aflatoxin B2 is the dihydro derivative of aflatoxin B1, a naturally occurring mycotoxin and food contaminant that is a likely pathogen that causes hepatocellular carcinoma. Aflatoxin B2 induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis via the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and promotion of the translocation of Bax and cytochrome c between mitochondria and the cytosol, triggering the formation of apoptosomes. Aflatoxin B2 also inhibited the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt/ mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) pathway by activating PI3K, Akt, and mTOR and inhibiting their phosphorylation, contributing to the pro-autophagic activity of Aflatoxin B2.

Cupric perchlorate is a catalyst used in organic synthesis, for example, for the cyanosilylation of aldehydes and diacetylation, for acetylation of heteroatoms etc.

Cupric chlorate is a salt of metallic copper and chloric acid. It forms blue crystals and is used as mordant in dyeing and in the printing of textiles.

Calcium nitrite, made by mixing hydrated lime with nitrogen oxide gas, is not water soluble and is most frequently used to accelerate the hardening of concrete and to protect metals from salt corrosion. Additionally, calcium nitrite is necessary to make inorganic calcium nitrate, a component in many fertilizer formulations.