Epibatidine is a piperidine alkaloid that is secreted by the Ecuadoran frog Epipedobates anthonyi. Many laboratories began to synthesize epibatidine and after studying it, scientists realized it was too toxic to be used as a pain-relieving drug. Epibatine is the exo-isomer of the two possible geometric isomers and can exist as two enantiomers (+) – or R- Epibatidine and (-) or S- Epibatidine. The natural compound is the (+) isomer, although there is a little difference in pharmacological activity between (+) and (-) isomers. Epibatidine binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) rather than opiate receptors, which is common of most analgesics such as morphine. Epibatidine and both its isomers are extremely potent full agonists for neuronal acetylcholine receptors: alpha4/beta2 and alpha3/beta2. Epibatidine binds not only to nAChR in the brain but also at other neuro-muscular junctions throughout the body. This is not desired as it caused seizures and respiratory and digestive problems. Currently only rudimentary research into epibatidine's effects has been performed.

Ramipril methyl ester is the proline-containing impurity of ramipril, labelled as ramipril Impurity A. It is one of the four qualified impurities. Impurity A is the manufacture process impurity. Ramipril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension) and congestive heart failure.

Cimicifugoside H1 is biogenetically key compounds of Cimicifugae Rhizoma. In China, the rhizomes of C. foetida L. are used to treat some symptoms, such as headache, toothache, mouth ulcers, and sore throat. Cimicifugoside H1 is a major constituent of Cimicifuga foetida L. extract with 23-epi-26-deoxyactein, cimigenolxyloside, and 25-O-acetylcimigenoside present at lower levels (the percentage 21.2%, 1.6%, 2.9% and 1.1%) but systemic exposure to 23-epi-26-deoxyactein, cimigenolxyloside, and 25-O-acetylcimigenoside following oral administration of the extract of Cimicifuga foetida L. was significantly greater than to Cimicifugoside H1. The low oral bioavailability of Cimicifugoside H1 is probably the result of its poor membrane permeability leading to poor intestinal absorption.

1-Hydroxymidazolam (Alpha-hydroxy-midazolam) is pharmacologically active midazolam metabolite, which is, like the parent drug midazolam a neuronal depressant drug. There are numerous studies in which the statements concerning the contribution of 1-Hydroxymidazolam to the clinical actions of midazolam range from “almost equipotent” to “no major contributing factor”. In humans, Hydroxymidazolam is subject to further glucuronidation, followed by renal excretion. In humans, urinary recovery of 1-Hydroxymidazolam glucuronide accounted for 60 to 70% of an administered dose of [14C]midazolam. 1-Hydroxymidazolam and it’s glucuronide were found in patients with renal failure after administration of midazolam and may account for the prolonged sedation observed in those patients.

N,N-Dimethyl-2-(2-phenylacetamido)acetamide is an acyl glycine derivative. N,N-Dimethyl-2-(2-phenylacetamido)acetamide is GLP-1 Receptor Agonist.

Copper dihydrazinium sulfate or Omazene has been used for control of mildew on roses and several other flower crops. The material is quite effective against mildew and blackspot of roses. Omazene might be used for control of other fungus diseases on fruits and vegetables as well as ornamentals. Omazene appeared quite toxic to chinook salmon during the first 24 hours of exposure; concentrations of 0.75 p.p.m. and over produced mortalities.

SR 59230A is orally active, selective antagonist of the beta-3 adrenergic receptor, SR 59230A has high affinity for the β3 adrenoceptors occurring in human gut that affect the function of human colonic circular smooth muscle.

(2R)-2-epi-Perindopril is an epimer (R, SS, SS) of the drug perindopril which is commonly used to treat high blood pressure, hypertension, heart failure, or stable coronary artery disease. This form of the drug is almost inactive.

(±)-1'',7A-di-epi-Perindopril is a mixture of two isomers (S, SR, SR) and (R, RS, RS). The first of which is a less active epimer of the antihypertensive drug perindopril, while the second one is almost completely inactive.

(1''R,2'R)-1'',2'-di-epi-Perindopril is an epimer (S, SS, RR) of the drug perindopril which is commonly used to treat high blood pressure, hypertension, heart failure, or stable coronary artery disease. This epimer is a nearly inactive form of the drug.