Mevalonolactone (ML) is a lactone form of mevalonic acid (MA), they exist in equilibrium. Mevalonolactone is used to study the effect of statin on the prenylation of Ras and Rho GTPases. Recently was discovered, that mevalonolactone disrupted mitochondrial functions and induced permeability transition pore opening in rat brain mitochondria, what can be important for the pathogenesis of mevalonic aciduria. Mevalonic aciduria is caused by severe deficiency of mevalonic kinase activity leading to tissue accumulation and high urinary excretion of mevalonic acid and mevalonolactone. It was proved that ML impaired essential brain mitochondrial functions with the involvement of MPT pore opening and that disturbance of brain mitochondrial homeostasis contributed to the neurologic symptoms of MVA.

Threitol is a four carbon sugar primarily used in the chemical synthesis of other compounds. It is a diastereomer of erythritol an FDA approved low-calorie sweetener. Threitol can be found in meaningful concentrations in the edible fungus Armillaria mellea and is used by some organisms as an antifreeze agent, such as the Alaskan beetle. Threitol is a very weak inhibitor of Carbonic anhydrase. Threitol is the main end product of D-xylose metabolism in humans and deficiency is associated with inborn errors of metabolism.

Sericoside Phytosome is a patent complex between Sericoside and soy phospholipids. Terminalia sericea, from which Sericoside was isolated and extracted for the frst time by Indena, has been traditionally used in Africa and Asia for the treatment of severe skin diseases. The adjective sericea, in ancient Latin, means “silky, smooth as silk”. Sericoside Phytosome 0.5% emulsion was applied twice daily for 42 days on all wrinkles called crow's feet, reproducing normal conditions of use. The product showed to be efficacious in over 70% of the tested female subjects, accomplishing a reduction in wrinkles depth and total wrinkled surface. Many trials have been performed and Sericoside has shown to have skin-restructuring, capillary protecting activity, wound healing and anti-oedema properties. This is due to a remarkable reduction of capillary permeability exerted by the active ingredient.

Dimethoxy Di-p-Cresol is organic compound with radical scavenging and anticancer activity.

METHOTREXATE, (R)- (D-methotrexate) as a contaminant of commercial methotrexate, a chemotherapy agent and immune system suppressant. Methotrexate from various commercial sources has been found to contain 0.5 to 48% (w/w) of the enantiomer D-methotrexate. D-Methotrexate was found to be a good inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase from both murine and human tumor cells, but was a poor inhibitor of L1210 and CCRF-CEM cell growth. In animal experiments with dogs and mice, D-methotrexate was rapidly absorbed from the intestine and excreted by the kidneys.

Methylene di-t-butylcresol (GERI-BP002-A) is a hindered phenolic antioxidant and thermal stabilizer providing effective stabilization in adhesives, ABS, polyolefins, and other substrates. GERI-BP002-A is a novel inhibitor of SOAT (Acyl-CoA Cholesterol Acyltransferase (ACAT)) which is produced by Aspergillus fumigatus F93. GERI-BP002-A also exhibits antioxidant activity.

Thiazovivin is a novel ROCK (Rho-associated kinase) inhibitor and Rho-ROCK axis regulates cell-ECM and cell-cell adhesion. Recently was shown, that thiazovivin was effective for protecting the morphology and function of human corneal endothelial cells (HCECs). An optimal improvement in the morphology, connection and function of HCECs was found when the primary HCECs were cultured with thiazovivin.

Potassium phenoxide is a preservative in cosmetics.

Benzyl butyl phthalate is used as a plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride in vinyl floor tiles, vinyl foam and carpet backing, in cellulosic resins, and as an organic intermediate. It has also been used as a solvent and fixative in perfume. It is a colorless and odorless organic chemical. Exposure to benzyl butyl phthalate occurs during its production and use as a plasticizer, mainly in polyvinyl chloride products. It has been detected at low levels in indoor air, water, and a few foods. Benzyl butyl phthalate is classified as a substance toxic to reproduction. It demonstrated estrogen and anti-androgen activity. Prenatal exposure to phthalates could lead to smaller penis size and incomplete descent of testicles in baby boys.

5-(2-Aminopropyl)benzofuran (5-APB) is an empathogenic psychoactive compound of the substituted benzofuran, substituted amphetamine and substituted phenethylamine classes. 5-(2-Aminopropyl)benzofuran is a serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor and serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent. The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational 5-APB use do not seem to have been studied in any scientific context and the exact toxic dosage is unknown/ 5-(2-Aminopropyl)benzofuran 's high affinity for the 5-HT2b receptor makes it likely that 5-APB would be cardiotoxic with long-term use, as seen in other 5-HT2B agonists such as fenfluramine and MDMA.