DL-5-hydroxytryptophan, 5-HTP is a serotonin precursor. It was discovered on the rats, that the pharmacological responses and changes in brain 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) concentration elicited following the administration of 5-HTP did not reflect changes in the concentration of endogenous brain 5-HT. The biochemical and pharmacological properties of the 5-HTP-induced increases in brain 5-HT concentration were distinctly different from those of increases in the endogenous content of the amine. In normal rats, administered 5-HTP, observable pharmacological responses were not elicited, despite equal or even larger increases in brain 5-HT concentration.

6-Aminonicotinamide is an inhibitor of the NADP+-dependent enzyme, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase; it also interferes with glycolysis, resulting in ATP depletion. It was shown, that the combination of 6-aminonicotinamide with 2-deoxy-D-glucose induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis selectively in irradiated human malignant cells.

Methidathion is an organophosphate insecticide and acaricide (U.S. EPA, 1988). Methidathion and its oxygen analog produce their toxic reaction primarily through their inhibition of cholinesterase (ChE) enzymes, including acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). Methidathion is used to control a variety of insects and mites in many crops such as fruits, vegetables, tobacco, alfalfa and sunflowers. Methidathion is also used in greenhouses and on rose cultures. It is especially useful against scale insects.

Stigmasterol acetate, a water-soluble stigmasterol derivative, possesses antagonistic properties to FXR (farnesoid X-receptor) and PXR (pregnane X receptor, NR1I2). Stigmasterol acetate has also been studied as an antibacterial agent.

3α,12α-Dihydroxy-5β-pregnan-20-one 3,12-diacetate is a progesterone metabolite derivative.

TBPB was developed as a highly selective Muscarinic M1 receptor allosteric agonist. It activates M1 through an allosteric site rather than the orthosteric acetylcholine binding site, which is likely critical for its selectivity. The selective activation of M1 may provide a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of psychotic symptoms associated with schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disease.

There is no information in the scientific literature related to the biological and pharmacological properties of cholesteryl benzoate. Nevertheless, it is known, that initially it was used in some thermochromic liquid crystals. In addition, it can be used as an intermediate of vitamin D3 production, and in make-ups.

The D-form of dihydroxyphenylalanine (D-dopa) is a less physiologic activity than the L-form. D-dopa can be converted to the active L form during unidirectional chiral inversion, at first, oxidatively deaminated by D-amino acid oxidase to its alpha-keto acid and then transaminated by dopa transaminase to L-dopa. D-dopa is commonly used experimentally to determine whether the pharmacological effects of levodopa are stereospecific.

Pyrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. Pyrene is a carcinogenic agent and is absorbed by the skin. It is a skin irritant, a suspected mutagen, and an equivocal tumor-causing agent. Pyrene (Py) and various metabolites with a Py chromophore are powerful probes often used in biophysical and biochemical sciences due to their high fluorescent quantum yields and relatively long fluorescence lifetimes. Bioaccumulation of this chemical may occur in crustacea, fish, milk, algae and molluscs.

Daminozide, also known as Alar, is a systemic growth regulator registered for use on ornamentals, including potted chrysanthemums and poinsettias, and bedding plants in enclosed structures such as greenhouses, shadehouses, and interiorscapes. It retards stem growth, protects against heat, drought, and frost, and induces the development of multiple flowers. In 1963 it was registered in the USA as a pesticide for use on potted chrysanthemums. In 1968 its use on apples was registered. After toxicology studies, conducted by EPA, demonstrated that daminozide and its metabolites were oncogenic in multiple species and strains of test animals, the use of daminozide on food was discontinued. Later it was found that daminozide is a selective inhibitor of human KDM2/7 histone demethylases.