in rats: the effects of TBPB (30, 56.6 and 100 mg/kg sc) on locomotor activity when administered alone were assessed in nonhabituated naive rats. In this experiment, rats were pretreated with veh or dose of TBPB for 30 minutes, then placed into the open field chambers and changes in locomotor activity were assessed for 60 min.

TBPB increases non-amyloidogenic amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing. In the study, PC12 cells over-expressing human sequence APP and M1 were treated with vehicle or TBPB, and the conditioned media were analyzed for APP derivatives. Treatment with 1 μM TBPB increased the shedding of APPsα, the ectodomain released by α-secretase cleavage, by 58% as compared to vehicle-treated cells. In TBPB treated cells, Aβ40 levels were reduced to 61% of the vehicle control and this effect was blocked by atropine. Together, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that selective activation of M1 could regulate APP processing and indicate that activation of M1 with TBPB shifts the processing of APP toward the non-amyloidogenic pathway, resulting in increased shedding of APPsα and decreased production of Aβ.