Tosufloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibacterial agent. Tosufloxacin is an inhibitor of bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. Tosufloxacin is indicated for the treatment of various infections such as skin, respiratory, urinary, gynecologic, ophthalmologic, otolaryngologic, dental infections. Fluoroquinolones including tosufloxacin have a potential risk of inducing cartilage and joint toxicity in children. It is also associated with severe thrombocytopenia and nephritis, and hepatotoxicity.

Eprazinone has been variously described as having mucolytic or expectorant properties as well as a direct relaxant action on bronchial smooth muscle and it suppress the excitation of cough center to stop coughing. It is usually used to treat symptoms of cough and phlegm caused by respiratory diseases such as cold, upper respiratory infection, bronchitis, and pneumonia The most commonly reported adverse reactions include loss of appetite, nausea/vomiting, stomach discomfort, diarrhea (including loose stool) and symptom of irritation.

Aspoxicillin is an injectable, amino acid-type penicillin highly active against Gram-positive ad Gram-negative bacteria, including the beta-lactamase producing Bacillus fragilis. It is reportedly effective in the treatment of peritonitis, pneumonia and bronchitis. Adverse reactions are: rash, urticaria, skin itching, vomiting, abdominal pain.

Astromicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic produced by Micromonospora spp. It is effective against major gram-negative bacterias such as Proteus, Serratia, Citrobacter, Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Astromicin sulfate has been given by intramuscular injection or intravenous infusion. Side effects are: rash, urticaria, itch, erythema, fever, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Combination with strong diuretics can cause nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.

Cefbuperazone (cefalosporin antibiotic) is marketed under the brand name Keiperazon by Kaken, and Tomiproan by Toyama, Japan. It is powder for injection 0.5 and 1 g/ampoule. It is indicated to treat infections with susceptible microorganisms. It has been proposed especially against Pseudomonas infections. Cefbuperazone binds to and inactivates penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) located on the inner membrane of the bacterial cell wall.

Roxithromycin is a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic, which was developed by Roussel Uclaf and is available in Australia. Roxithromycin prevents bacteria from growing, by interfering with their protein synthesis. Roxithromycin binds to the subunit 50S of the bacterial ribosome, and thus inhibits the translocation of peptides. It can treat respiratory tract, urinary and soft tissue infections.

Levofloxacin is the L-isomer of the racemate, ofloxacin, a quinolone antimicrobial agent. Levofloxacin is used for oral and intravenous administration. Levofloxacin is sold under brand name levaquin and is used to treat infections in adults (≥18 years of age) caused by designated, susceptible bacteria such as, pneumonia: nosocomial and community acquired; skin and skin structure infections: complicated and uncomplicated; chronic bacterial prostatitis; inhalational anthrax. In addition this drug is used to treat plague; urinary tract infections: complicated and uncomplicated; acute pyelonephritis; acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and acute bacterial sinusitis. Levofloxacin, like other fluoroquinolones, inhibits the bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication. This results in strand breakage on a bacterial chromosome, supercoiling, and resealing. In addition, levofloxacin inhibits a bacterial type II topoisomerase.

Cefepime is a fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, which was developed in 1994. Cefepime has a broad spectrum in vitro activity that encompasses a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Within bacterial cells, the molecular targets of cefepime are the penicillin binding proteins (PBP). It is FDA approved for the treatment of pneumonia, febrile neutropenia, uncomplicated UTI, uncomplicated skin infection and complicated intraabdominal infections. Common adverse reactions include rash, hypophosphatemia, diarrhea. Cefepime is metabolized to N-methylpyrrolidine (NMP) which is rapidly converted to the N-oxide (NMP-N-oxide). Urinary recovery of unchanged cefepime accounts for approximately 85% of the administered dose. Less than 1% of the administered dose is recovered from urine as NMP, 6.8% as NMP-N-oxide, and 2.5% as an epimer of cefepime. Because renal excretion is a significant pathway of elimination, patients with renal dysfunction and patients undergoing hemodialysis require dosage adjustment.

Levofloxacin is the L-isomer of the racemate, ofloxacin, a quinolone antimicrobial agent. Levofloxacin is used for oral and intravenous administration. Levofloxacin is sold under brand name levaquin and is used to treat infections in adults (≥18 years of age) caused by designated, susceptible bacteria such as, pneumonia: nosocomial and community acquired; skin and skin structure infections: complicated and uncomplicated; chronic bacterial prostatitis; inhalational anthrax. In addition this drug is used to treat plague; urinary tract infections: complicated and uncomplicated; acute pyelonephritis; acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and acute bacterial sinusitis. Levofloxacin, like other fluoroquinolones, inhibits the bacterial DNA gyrase, halting DNA replication. This results in strand breakage on a bacterial chromosome, supercoiling, and resealing. In addition, levofloxacin inhibits a bacterial type II topoisomerase.

Cefepime is a fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, which was developed in 1994. Cefepime has a broad spectrum in vitro activity that encompasses a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Within bacterial cells, the molecular targets of cefepime are the penicillin binding proteins (PBP). It is FDA approved for the treatment of pneumonia, febrile neutropenia, uncomplicated UTI, uncomplicated skin infection and complicated intraabdominal infections. Common adverse reactions include rash, hypophosphatemia, diarrhea. Cefepime is metabolized to N-methylpyrrolidine (NMP) which is rapidly converted to the N-oxide (NMP-N-oxide). Urinary recovery of unchanged cefepime accounts for approximately 85% of the administered dose. Less than 1% of the administered dose is recovered from urine as NMP, 6.8% as NMP-N-oxide, and 2.5% as an epimer of cefepime. Because renal excretion is a significant pathway of elimination, patients with renal dysfunction and patients undergoing hemodialysis require dosage adjustment.