Nicergoline is a semisynthetic ergoline derivative that has been used as a cerebral vasodilator and in peripheral vascular disease. Nicergoline seems to have an action: (i) as an alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist, it induces vasodilation and increases arterial blood flow; (ii) it enhances cholinergic and catecholaminergic neurotransmitter function; (iii) it inhibits platelet aggregation; (iv) it promotes metabolic activity, resulting in increased utilization of oxygen and glucose; and (v) it has neurotrophic and antioxidant properties. Nicergoline has been suggested to ameliorate cognitive deficits in cerebrovascular disease.

Ipidacrine (Neiromidin) is a drug first synthesized by the National Research Center for Biologically Active Compounds in the Russian Federation. Neuromidin has a direct stimulating effect on the conduct of the pulse along the nerve fibers, interneuronal and neuromuscular synapses of the CNS and peripheral nervous system. Pharmacological action neuromidin is based on a combination of two mechanisms of action: blockade of potassium channels of the membrane of neurons and muscle cells; reversible inhibition of cholinesterase in synapses. Neuromidin enhances the effect on smooth muscle acetylcholine not only, but epinephrine, serotonin, histamine and oxytocin. It has the following pharmacological effects: - Improve and stimulate impulse conduction in the nervous system and neuromuscular transmission; - Enhances contractility of smooth muscle organs under the influence of acetylcholine agonists, adrenaline, serotonin, histamine and oxytocin receptors, with the exception of potassium chloride; - Improves memory, slows progressive course of dementia. In preclinical studies Neuromidin is not teratogenic, embryotoxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic and immunotoxic action, had no effect on the endocrine system

Ipidacrine (Neiromidin) is a drug first synthesized by the National Research Center for Biologically Active Compounds in the Russian Federation. Neuromidin has a direct stimulating effect on the conduct of the pulse along the nerve fibers, interneuronal and neuromuscular synapses of the CNS and peripheral nervous system. Pharmacological action neuromidin is based on a combination of two mechanisms of action: blockade of potassium channels of the membrane of neurons and muscle cells; reversible inhibition of cholinesterase in synapses. Neuromidin enhances the effect on smooth muscle acetylcholine not only, but epinephrine, serotonin, histamine and oxytocin. It has the following pharmacological effects: - Improve and stimulate impulse conduction in the nervous system and neuromuscular transmission; - Enhances contractility of smooth muscle organs under the influence of acetylcholine agonists, adrenaline, serotonin, histamine and oxytocin receptors, with the exception of potassium chloride; - Improves memory, slows progressive course of dementia. In preclinical studies Neuromidin is not teratogenic, embryotoxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic and immunotoxic action, had no effect on the endocrine system

Pyritinol is a semi natural analogue of water soluble vitamin B6. Pyritinol was synthetized way back in 1961 by Merck Laboratories. After years of research, it entered the market in the 1970s, where it was used for clinical applications – including treating stroke patients and those with Alzheimer’s. Since the 1990s, it has been sold as a nootropic dietary supplement in the United States and many other parts of the world. Pyritinol, unlike many other nootropics, has been approved for use as a medical treatment in countries around the world. Doctors in many European countries use Pyritinol to treat patients with chronic degenerative brain disorders – like dementia. Countries where Pyritinol is an approved treatment include Austria, Germany, France, Greece, Italy, and Portugal. France has approved the use of Pyritinol – but only as a treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. Pyritinol is not currently licensed for use in the United Kingdom, but in most other countries, it’s available online or through drug stores as an over the counter substance. Pyritinol is marketed under the brand names Encephabol, Encefabol and Cerbon 6. One of the known mechanisms of action of Pyritinol involves increasing choline uptake into your neurons and thereby increasing acetylcholine levels. Pyritinol is also a great effective precursor to dopamine, which is one of the neurotransmitter mood-boosters in the brain. Pyritinol has better conversion into the neurochemical. This drug increases dopamine, which can keep the brain from anxiety because a lower dopamine level is connected to mood disorders and depression.

Fipexide (aka attentil and vigilor) is a psychoactive drug of the piperazine class which was developed in Italy in 1983. It was used in Italy and France for the treatment of senile dementia but is no longer in common use due to undesirable side effects including fever and hepatitis.

Pyritinol is a semi natural analogue of water soluble vitamin B6. Pyritinol was synthetized way back in 1961 by Merck Laboratories. After years of research, it entered the market in the 1970s, where it was used for clinical applications – including treating stroke patients and those with Alzheimer’s. Since the 1990s, it has been sold as a nootropic dietary supplement in the United States and many other parts of the world. Pyritinol, unlike many other nootropics, has been approved for use as a medical treatment in countries around the world. Doctors in many European countries use Pyritinol to treat patients with chronic degenerative brain disorders – like dementia. Countries where Pyritinol is an approved treatment include Austria, Germany, France, Greece, Italy, and Portugal. France has approved the use of Pyritinol – but only as a treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. Pyritinol is not currently licensed for use in the United Kingdom, but in most other countries, it’s available online or through drug stores as an over the counter substance. Pyritinol is marketed under the brand names Encephabol, Encefabol and Cerbon 6. One of the known mechanisms of action of Pyritinol involves increasing choline uptake into your neurons and thereby increasing acetylcholine levels. Pyritinol is also a great effective precursor to dopamine, which is one of the neurotransmitter mood-boosters in the brain. Pyritinol has better conversion into the neurochemical. This drug increases dopamine, which can keep the brain from anxiety because a lower dopamine level is connected to mood disorders and depression.

Bifemelane is a psychotropic drug, was found to inhibit monoamine oxidase (MAO). It inhibited type A MAO (MAO-A) competitively and type B (MAO-B) noncompetitively and it was a more potent inhibitor of MAO-A than of MAO-B. Bifemelane is an antidepressant and cerebral activator that is used in Japan for the treatment of cerebral infarction patients with depressive symptoms, and in the treatment of senile dementia as well. It also appears to be useful in the treatment of glaucoma.