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Details

Stereochemistry ACHIRAL
Molecular Formula C16H20N2O4S2
Molecular Weight 368.471
Optical Activity NONE
Defined Stereocenters 0 / 0
E/Z Centers 0
Charge 0

SHOW SMILES / InChI
Structure of PYRITINOL

SMILES

CC1=NC=C(CSSCC2=CN=C(C)C(O)=C2CO)C(CO)=C1O

InChI

InChIKey=SIXLXDIJGIWWFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1S/C16H20N2O4S2/c1-9-15(21)13(5-19)11(3-17-9)7-23-24-8-12-4-18-10(2)16(22)14(12)6-20/h3-4,19-22H,5-8H2,1-2H3

HIDE SMILES / InChI
Pyritinol is a semi natural analogue of water soluble vitamin B6. Pyritinol was synthetized way back in 1961 by Merck Laboratories. After years of research, it entered the market in the 1970s, where it was used for clinical applications – including treating stroke patients and those with Alzheimer’s. Since the 1990s, it has been sold as a nootropic dietary supplement in the United States and many other parts of the world. Pyritinol, unlike many other nootropics, has been approved for use as a medical treatment in countries around the world. Doctors in many European countries use Pyritinol to treat patients with chronic degenerative brain disorders – like dementia. Countries where Pyritinol is an approved treatment include Austria, Germany, France, Greece, Italy, and Portugal. France has approved the use of Pyritinol – but only as a treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. Pyritinol is not currently licensed for use in the United Kingdom, but in most other countries, it’s available online or through drug stores as an over the counter substance. Pyritinol is marketed under the brand names Encephabol, Encefabol and Cerbon 6. One of the known mechanisms of action of Pyritinol involves increasing choline uptake into your neurons and thereby increasing acetylcholine levels. Pyritinol is also a great effective precursor to dopamine, which is one of the neurotransmitter mood-boosters in the brain. Pyritinol has better conversion into the neurochemical. This drug increases dopamine, which can keep the brain from anxiety because a lower dopamine level is connected to mood disorders and depression.

Originator

Curator's Comment: Pyritinol was initially developed by Merck Laboratories in the year 1961 # Merck

Approval Year

TargetsConditions

Conditions

ConditionModalityTargetsHighest PhaseProduct
Primary
Encephabol

Approved Use

Indications: symptomatic treatment of chronic disorders of the brain function in dementia syndromes with the following symptoms: impaired memory and thinking, decreased concentration, fatigue, lack of incentives and motivation, affective disorders. Primary degenerative dementia, dementia of vascular origin and mixed forms. Symptomatic treatment of chronic disorders of mental disability. Post-traumatic encephalopathy. Cerebral atherosclerosis. The consequences of encephalitis. Mental retardation, tserebrastenichesky syndrome, encephalopathy in children.
Primary
Encephabol

Approved Use

Indications: symptomatic treatment of chronic disorders of the brain function in dementia syndromes with the following symptoms: impaired memory and thinking, decreased concentration, fatigue, lack of incentives and motivation, affective disorders. Primary degenerative dementia, dementia of vascular origin and mixed forms. Symptomatic treatment of chronic disorders of mental disability. Post-traumatic encephalopathy. Cerebral atherosclerosis. The consequences of encephalitis. Mental retardation, tserebrastenichesky syndrome, encephalopathy in children.
Primary
Encephabol

Approved Use

Encephabol stimulates the central nervous system and belongs to the group of drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease. USES Erradicate Physical and Psychological Weakness Treat Alzheimer's Disease Reduce Memory Impairment Get Rid of Hangovers Reduce Learning Disorders Sequelae of Craniocerebral Trauma
PubMed

PubMed

TitleDatePubMed
Effect of nicergoline on learning and memory.
1988 Jul
Prolongevity medicine: Antagonic-Stress drug in distress, geriatrics, and related diseases. II. Clinical review--2003.
2004 Jun
Severe cholestatic hepatitis induced by pyritinol.
2004 Mar 6
Stability-indicating methods for determination of pyritinol dihydrochloride in the presence of its precursor and degradation product by derivative spectrophotometry.
2005 Jan-Feb
Stability-indicating electrochemical methods for the determination of meclophenoxate hydrochloride and pyritinol dihydrochloride using ion-selective membrane electrodes.
2007 Jan
Pyritinol reduces nociception and oxidative stress in diabetic rats.
2008 Aug 20
Pyritinol for post asphyxial encephalopathy in term babies-- a randomized double-blind controlled trial.
2009 Jan
Stability-indicating chemometric methods for the determination of pyritinol dihydrochloride.
2009 May
Selective Vulnerabilities of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) Receptors During Brain Aging.
2010
Patents

Sample Use Guides

In Vivo Use Guide
Encephabol (Pyritinol) comes in coated tablets. The dosage depends on the severity of the patients condition. Tablets should be taken with meal and a large glass of water. Dosage for adults: 600 mg a day (2 tabs 3 times a day). Dosage for newborn infants: on the third day of life 20 mg a day during a month. Dosage for pediatric patients: 2 months: the dosage is increases 20 mg every next week until the daily dose will be 100 mg. 1-7 years old: 50-300 mg a day. 7 years old and over: 50-600 mg a day (1-2 tabs 1-3 times a day). In patients with chronic conditions the period of therapy should be no less than 8 weeks.
Route of Administration: Oral
In Vitro Use Guide
Pretreatment of rabbit peritoneal neutrophils with Pyritinol had an inhibitory effect on random migration or fMLP-activated chemotaxis at high concentrations (1 mM), and a slight potentiating effect at low concentrations (10 uM)
Name Type Language
PYRITINOL
INN   MI   WHO-DD  
INN  
Official Name English
Pyritinol [WHO-DD]
Common Name English
pyritinol [INN]
Common Name English
PYRITHIOXINE
JAN  
Common Name English
PYRITHIOXINE [JAN]
Common Name English
PYRITINOL [MI]
Common Name English
NSC-759229
Code English
PYRITHIOXIN
Common Name English
Classification Tree Code System Code
WHO-ATC N06BX02
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DSLD 1890 (Number of products:1)
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NCI_THESAURUS C47795
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WHO-VATC QN06BX02
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Code System Code Type Description
RXCUI
9020
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PRIMARY RxNorm
MERCK INDEX
m9379
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PRIMARY Merck Index
NSC
759229
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PRIMARY
ECHA (EC/EINECS)
214-150-1
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PRIMARY
ChEMBL
CHEMBL488093
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PRIMARY
NCI_THESAURUS
C74239
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PRIMARY
CAS
1098-97-1
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PRIMARY
EPA CompTox
DTXSID3048362
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MESH
D011746
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PRIMARY
SMS_ID
100000080851
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PRIMARY
EVMPD
SUB10175MIG
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PRIMARY
DRUG CENTRAL
2333
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PRIMARY
FDA UNII
AK5Q5FZH2R
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PRIMARY
DRUG BANK
DB13084
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PRIMARY
INN
1308
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WIKIPEDIA
PYRITINOL
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PRIMARY
PUBCHEM
14190
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PRIMARY