Poppy acid occurs in opium (Papaver somniferum) and other Papaver species. Meconic acid has been described as a mild narcotic, but it has little or no physiological action, and is not now used medicinally. Its chemical reactions are of importance in toxicology as a valuable indication of the presence of opium.

WAY-100635 is an achiral phenylpiperazine derivative that originally discovered as an antagotist of 5-HT1A receptor. Later WAY-100635 was described as a potent dopamine D4 receptor agonist. WAY-100635 was in preclinical studies for the treatment of Diabetes mellitus, Anxiety and Cognition disorders, howevere the development was discontinued. Isotope labeled WAY-100635 could be used for the study of central 5-HT 1A receptors with potential for application to the study of neuropsychiatric disorders and to the human pharmacology of psychoactive drugs.

WAY-181187 is a high affinity and selective 5-HT6 agonist. It displays 60-fold selectivity over other 5-HT and monoamine receptors. WAY-181187 stimulates cAMP, ERK1/2 and Fyn kinase signaling pathway through serotonin receptor activation. WAY-181187 produced both antidepressant-like and anxiolytic-like effects in the animal model. It had been in phase I clinical trial for the treatment of anxiety disorders but this research has been discontinued.

The investigational psychopharmacologic drug candidate CP 615003 (NGD 91-3) is a potent subtype-selective partial agonist at the GABA-A receptor complex. It was designed to be fast acting without causing the sedation, memory impairment, addiction or potentiation of effects of alcohol associated with conventional anti-anxiety medication. Tissue distribution studies conducted during early clinical development of CP 615003 suggested limited brain penetration. In the Phase II clinical study, subjects tested at the high dose of NGD 91-3 showed a trend toward efficacy that did not achieve statistical significance.

Bufotenine is a hallucinogenic serotonin analog found in frog and toad skins, mushrooms, plants and some mammals (especially in the brains, plasma, and urine of schizophrenics). It

Oxprenolol is clinically a well-established beta blocker that shares with other members of this group the ability to control a variety of disorders, in particular, hypertension and angina. Pharmacologically it is a nonselective beta blocker that possesses partial agonist activity (intrinsic sympathomimetic activity). Pharmacokinetically, oxprenolol behaves as a moderately lipophilic agent. Oxprenolol undergoes first pass metabolism with only 30% of an oral dose reaching the systemic circulation. The drug is approximately 80% protein bound and is eliminated primarily by glucuronidation in the liver. Less than 4% of oxprenolol is excreted unchanged in the urine. Oxprenolol may reduce the heart rate and prolong the effective and functional atrioventricular nodal refractory period. Oxprenolol has less negative inotropic and chronotropic effects than propranolol. Plasma renin activity is reduced; however, changes in plasma aldosterone level are not significant. Long term metabolic effects require further study. Chest pain (angina), high blood pressure (hypertension), irregular heart beats and anxiety are indications for Oxprenolol usage. To date Oxprenolol is discontinued by FDA.

Oxprenolol is clinically a well-established beta blocker that shares with other members of this group the ability to control a variety of disorders, in particular, hypertension and angina. Pharmacologically it is a nonselective beta blocker that possesses partial agonist activity (intrinsic sympathomimetic activity). Pharmacokinetically, oxprenolol behaves as a moderately lipophilic agent. Oxprenolol undergoes first pass metabolism with only 30% of an oral dose reaching the systemic circulation. The drug is approximately 80% protein bound and is eliminated primarily by glucuronidation in the liver. Less than 4% of oxprenolol is excreted unchanged in the urine. Oxprenolol may reduce the heart rate and prolong the effective and functional atrioventricular nodal refractory period. Oxprenolol has less negative inotropic and chronotropic effects than propranolol. Plasma renin activity is reduced; however, changes in plasma aldosterone level are not significant. Long term metabolic effects require further study. Chest pain (angina), high blood pressure (hypertension), irregular heart beats and anxiety are indications for Oxprenolol usage. To date Oxprenolol is discontinued by FDA.

Lysing is an essential basic amino-acid encoded by codone AAA and AAG, and used in the biosynthesis of proteins. The daily requirement for lysine is 38 mg/kg body weight. The most rich source of lysine is fish, beef, chicken. In a clinical study lysine supplements was found to be an effective for reduction of occurrence, severity and healing time for recurrent HSV infection, however Cochrane Review concluded that the evidence is insufficient. Lysine was investigated for improving anxiety, ameliorating angina prectoris. Lysine acetylsalicylate has been used to treat pain and to detoxify the body after heroin use. Lysine clonixinate has been used for its analgesic properties for the treatment of migraine headaches and other painful conditions. However, limited clinical trials exist for these conditions.

Lysing is an essential basic amino-acid encoded by codone AAA and AAG, and used in the biosynthesis of proteins. The daily requirement for lysine is 38 mg/kg body weight. The most rich source of lysine is fish, beef, chicken. In a clinical study lysine supplements was found to be an effective for reduction of occurrence, severity and healing time for recurrent HSV infection, however Cochrane Review concluded that the evidence is insufficient. Lysine was investigated for improving anxiety, ameliorating angina prectoris. Lysine acetylsalicylate has been used to treat pain and to detoxify the body after heroin use. Lysine clonixinate has been used for its analgesic properties for the treatment of migraine headaches and other painful conditions. However, limited clinical trials exist for these conditions.

Lysing is an essential basic amino-acid encoded by codone AAA and AAG, and used in the biosynthesis of proteins. The daily requirement for lysine is 38 mg/kg body weight. The most rich source of lysine is fish, beef, chicken. In a clinical study lysine supplements was found to be an effective for reduction of occurrence, severity and healing time for recurrent HSV infection, however Cochrane Review concluded that the evidence is insufficient. Lysine was investigated for improving anxiety, ameliorating angina prectoris. Lysine acetylsalicylate has been used to treat pain and to detoxify the body after heroin use. Lysine clonixinate has been used for its analgesic properties for the treatment of migraine headaches and other painful conditions. However, limited clinical trials exist for these conditions.