Huperzine A is a plant alkaloid derived from Club moss plant, Huperzine serrata, which is a member or the Lycopodium species. Huperzine-A is in phase III clinical trial in the USA (Alzheimer disease) and is available as a dietary supplement. It selectively and reversibly inhibits acetylcholinesterase. Huperzine A is also a NMDA receptor antagonist, which protects the brain against glutamate induced damage, and it increases nerve growth factor levels. Huperzine A is used for Alzheimer's disease, memory and learning enhancement, and age-related memory impairment. It is also used for treating a muscle disease called myasthenia gravis, for increasing alertness and energy, and for protecting against agents that damage the nerves such as nerve gases. It can cause some side effects including nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, sweating, blurred vision, slurred speech, restlessness, loss of appetite, contraction and twitching of muscle fibers, cramping, increased saliva and urine, inability to control urination, high blood pressure, and slowed heart rate. Various medications used for glaucoma, Alzheimer's disease, and other conditions (Cholinergic drugs) interacts with Huperzine A.

Fudosteine is a derivative of cysteine developed and approved in Japan for the treatment of such diseases as bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis, pulmonary emphysema, bronchiectasis, pulmonary tuberculosis, pneumoconiosis, atypical mycobacterial disease and diffuse panbronchiolitis. Fudosteine acts as a mucoactive agent, enabling mucin secretion. Although exact mechanism of action is unknown, it is supposed that fudosteine inhibits MUC5AC expression.

Metralindole (Inkazan) is a reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A (RIMA) which was used in Russia as an antidepressant. Inkasan (3-methyl-8-methoxy-3H, 1,2,5,6- tetrahydropyrazine /1.2.3-ab/-beta-carboline hydrochloride) has pharmacological properties characteristic of antidepressants. The clinical antidepressant effect of inkasan is combined with stimulating action. The drug is primarily indicated for patients in whom adynamic (anergic) disturbances are predominant in the clinical picture of depression.

Cynarine (Cynarin) is the most noteworthy active ingredient of the artichoke, and is considered a medicinal foodstuff due to its beneficial effect on the organism, derived from its condition as a stimulant of bile secretion (choleretic effect). Cynarine is present in artichoke leaves and has a beneficial effect on the control of gallstones, helps control cholesterol levels and improves gallbladder function. Chlorogenic acid and cynarin have been shown to have activity against oxidative stress in human leukocytes, whereas cynarin has also been shown to have hypocholesterolemic, hepatoprotective, and, more recently, antihuman immunodeficiency virus-1 (anti-HIV-1; 44) activities. Cynarin had marked antioxidant, anticholinergic, reducing ability, radical-scavenging, and metal-binding activities.

Talniflumate, a prodrug of niflumic acid, is a potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug that has been used for the treatment of rheumatoid diseases. Talniflumate was synthesized by the esterification of a carboxyl group of niflumic acid with the phthalidyl moiety, and it exerts activity in the body through conversion to niflumic acid. Talniflumate has been studied as a mucoregulator for the treatment of cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma. However, development of these indications appears to have been discontinued. Talniflumate has been approved and marketed for almost 20 years in Argentina and selected other countries (excluding the United States, Europe, and Japan).

Oteracil is an adjunct to antineoplastic therapy, used in combination with Gimeracil and Tegafur. Gimeracil/oteracil/tegafur combination is approved for the gastric cancer treatment. Oteracil is an orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRT) inhibitor that decreases the activity of 5-fluorocil (tegafur is a prodrug of 5-fluorocil) in normal gastrointestinal mucosa.

Cridanimod (Virexxa) is a small-molecule immunomodulator and interferon inducer, which, in preliminary studies, has been shown to increase progesterone receptor expression in endometrial tissue. Restoration of progesterone receptor expression may re-sensitize endometrial tumor tissue to progestin therapy in previously unresponsive tumors. Cridanimod was originally developed by Polysan and Pharmsynthez and licensed to Xenetic Biosciences. Virexxa is currently being studied in an ongoing Phase 2 multi-national study in conjunction with progestin therapy for the treatment of endometrial cancer in women with the recurrent or persistent disease who have failed progestin monotherapy.

Deltamethrin (DLM) is a pyrethroid insecticide and veterinary treatment that is approved for use in the EU, Australia and the USA. It has a low aqueous solubility, is semi-volatile and has a low potential to leach to groundwater. It is not persistent in soil and is non-mobile. Deltamethrin is highly toxic to humans and other mammals and is a neurotoxin. It is relatively non-toxic to birds and earthworms although it presents a high risk to most aquatic organisms and honeybees. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that the deltamethrin have the potential to induce apoptogenic signaling pathways which plays an important role in the mechanism of anticancer action. Thus, deltamethrin thereof could have the potential to develop as an anticancer agent.

Azelnidipine (INN; marketed under the brand name CalBlock) is a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is sold in Japan by Daiichi-Sankyo pharmaceuticals, Inc. Azelnidipine is a new dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist with selectivity for both L-type and T-type Ca channels. It has recently been approved in Japan for the treatment of patients with hypertension. Results from clinical trials showed that long-term treatment with azelnidipine effectively controls blood pressure (BP) in a cohort of 95 patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension. The antihypertensive efficacy of azelnidipine in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension was shown to be similar to that of amlodipine or nitrendipine in a randomised double-blind study. Azelnidipine and amlodipine controlled 24-hour BP to a similar extent. Azelnidipine is generally well tolerated. Vasodilator adverse events such as headache and hot facial flushes account for most of the adverse events. Its use is not associated with reflex tachycardia.

Iodoalphionic acid is the contrast medium, which was used for gallbladder examination. It is rarely appeared in the colon and, therefore, rarely masked the gallbladder. The density of the shadow produced by Iodoalphionic acid was greater than that produced by iodophthalein. It was reliable peroral cholecystographic medium, which was less objectionable to take and seldom causes vomiting. Diarrhoea occurred in some cases, but not more often than with tetraiodophenolphthalein. The ingestion of Iodoalphionic acid resulted in low thyroidal radioiodine accumulation for periods ranging from a few weeks to many months.