Omoconazole is an azole antifungal drug, is used to treat candidiasis; dermatophytes and Pityriasis Versicolor

Aceclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) analog of Diclofenac. It is used for the relief of pain and inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. The dose is 100 mg twice daily, and should not be given to people with porphyria or breastfeeding mothers and is not recommended for children. Aceclofenac is a cytokine inhibitor. Aceclofenac works by blocking the action of a substance in the body called cyclo-oxygenase. Cyclo-oxygenase is involved in the production of prostaglandins (chemicals in the body which cause pain, swelling and inflammation). Aceclofenac is the glycolic acid ester of diclofenac. The incidence of gastric ulcerogenicity of aceclofenac has been reported to be significantly lower than that of other frequently prescribed NSAIDs: for instance, 2-fold less than naproxen, 4-fold less than diclofenac, and 7-fold less than indomethacin. Aceclofenac is metabolized in human hepatocytes and human microsomes to form [2-(2',6'-dichloro-4'-hydroxy- phenylamino)phenyl] acetoxyacetic acid as the major metabolite, which is then further conjugated.

Lonazolac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. The mononuclear cell response to a synovial stimulus can be abolished by very low concentrations of lonazolac. This blockade can be completely released by the addition of prostaglandin E2. Lonazolac appears therefore as an agent able in addition to modulate the immune response. The release of histamine from human basophils was significantly decreased after preincubation of the cells with lonazolac Ca. Preincubation of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes with lonazolac Ca led to an inhibition of leukotriene generation induced by either the Ca ionophore or opsonized zymosan. Lonazolac Ca affected different enzymes of the platelet activating factor metabolism. After pre- and post-treatment with lonazolac-Ca, the numbers of animals with lung metastases and the score of metastases significantly decreased. Lonazolac-Ca is indicated for the treatment of painful inflammatory rheumatic diseases of the joints and the spine. Acute irritation in osteoarthritis and spondylosis. Soft tissue rheumatism. Post-traumatic and postoperative pain and swelling states.

Tilmacoxib [JTE 522] is an orally active, potent and highly selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor. It entered phase II clinical trials for the treatment of Familial adenomatous polyposis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and acute pain in Japan, but was discontinued in 2003.

Moxonidine is a second-generation, centrally acting antihypertensive drug with a distinctive mode of action. Moxonidine activates I1-imidazoline receptors (I1-receptors). Imidazoline I1-receptor agonism represents a new mode of antihypertensive action to inhibit peripheral alpha-adrenergic tone by a central mechanism. Adrenaline, noradrenaline and renin levels are reduced, a finding consistent with central inhibition of sympathetic tone. Moxonidine acts centrally to reduce peripheral sympathetic activity, thus decreasing peripheral vascular resistance. In patients with mild to moderate hypertension, moxonidine reduces blood pressure (BP) as effectively as most first-line antihypertensives when used as monotherapy and is also an effective adjunctive therapy in combination with other antihypertensive agents. It improves the metabolic profile in patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance, is well tolerated, has a low potential for drug interactions and may be administered once daily in most patients. Moxonidine is a good option in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate hypertension, particularly as adjunctive therapy in patients with the metabolic syndrome.

Levosimendan (Simdax) is a novel intravenous agent that exerts inotropic effects through sensitization of myofilaments to calcium and vasodilator effects by binding to cardiac troponin C in a calcium-dependent manner. It also has a vasodilatory effect, by opening adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium channels in vascular smooth muscle to cause smooth muscle relaxation. Unlike other calcium sensitizing compounds, the binding of levosimendan is highly dependent on the intracellular concentration of calcium, such that calcium sensitivity is enhanced only when the calcium level is elevated. Levosimendan is licensed for the treatment of decompensated heart failure in many countries but not in North America. This drug also passed phase III clinical trials for the prevention of low cardiac output syndrome in pediatric patients after open heart surgery.

Ambroxol, a substituted benzylamine, is an active metabolite of bromhexine, which is itself a synthetic derivative of vasicine, the active principle extracted from the plant species Adhatoda vasica. Ambroxol is an expectorant exerting mucokinetic properties, mucociliary activity, stimulation of surfactant production, anti-inflammatory and antioxidative actions and the local anaesthetic effect. Ambroxol was discovered at and has been manufactured by Dr. Karl Thomae GmbH, a division of Boehringer Ingelheim. The ambroxol patent is expired and the drug is available as a generic product from many different companies. Ambroxol was originally developed by Boehringer Ingelheim as a OTC therapy for respiratory disorders related to excessive mucus. Ambroxol's indication is secretolytic therapy in acute and chronic bronchopulmonary diseases associated with abnormal mucus secretion and impaired mucus transport. Boehringer Ingelheim markets the product under various brand names such as Mucosolvan® and Lasolvan®. Ambroxol was identified and found to be a pH-dependent, mixed-type inhibitor of glucocerebrosidase (GCase). Its inhibitory activity was maximal at neutral pH, found in the endoplasmic reticulum, and undetectable at the acidic pH of lysosomes. The pH dependence of Ambroxol to bind and stabilize the enzyme was confirmed. Ambroxol increases both the lysosomal fraction and the enzymatic activity of several mutant GCase variants. This profile of Ambroxol would allow to bind and stabilize GCase in the endoplasmic reticulum (thus preventing its degradation within endoplasmic reticulum), but without affecting GCase in the lysosomes (thus allowing it to degrade glucosylceramide). Indeed, studies showed that Ambroxol treatment significantly increased N370S and F213I mutant GCase activity and protein levels in fibroblasts originally obtained from Gaucher patients. Gaucher's disease is caused by the deficiency of glucocerebrosidase; ambroxol is a chaperone that acts by binding to and stabilising glucocerebrosidase. Zywie (formerly ExSAR Corporation) and Belrose Pharma are developing ambroxol hydrochloride (BEL 0218) for the treatment of type III Gaucher's disease. .

Indobufen inhibits platelet aggregation by reversibly inhibiting the platelet cyclooxygenase enzyme thereby suppressing thromboxane synthesis. Indobufen under brand name ibustrin is used in Italy for the following conditions: cerebrovascular insufficiency, atherosclerosis of peripheral and cerebral vessels, thrombophlebitis, deep vein thrombosis, and diabetes mellitus. In addition, this drug has been investigated in the phase II clinical trial for the prevention of thromboembolic events in patients with nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation. After oral administration, it is quickly and completely absorbed.

Fenaclon is an anticonvulsant. It was developed in the former USSR. It is indicated for the treatment of epilepsy.

ISOPENTYL NITRITE (Amyl nitrite) is a chemical compound with an amyl group attached to the nitrite functional group. Amyl nitrite, in common with other alkyl nitrites, is a potent vasodilator; it expands blood vessels, resulting in lowering of the blood pressure. Alkyl nitrites are a source of nitric oxide, which signals for relaxation of the involuntary muscles. Physical effects include the decrease in blood pressure, headache, flushing of the face, increased heart rate, dizziness, and relaxation of involuntary muscles, especially the blood vessel walls and the internal and external anal sphincter. There are no withdrawal symptoms. Overdose symptoms include nausea, vomiting, hypotension, hypoventilation, shortness of breath, and fainting. The effects set in very quickly, typically within a few seconds and disappear within a few minutes. Amyl nitrite may also intensify the experience of synesthesia. Amyl nitrite is employed medically to treat heart diseases as well as angina. Amyl nitrite is sometimes used as an antidote for cyanide poisoning. It can act as an oxidant, to induce the formation of methemoglobin. Methemoglobin, in turn, can sequester cyanide as cyanomethemoglobin.