Vincanol is an alkaloid derived from vinca. The drug possesses hypotensive and vasodilating properties which justify its use in cardiovascular therapy. In vitro studies in rats demonstrated that vincanol may act by blocking voltage-gated Na+ channels.

Arginine vasotocin (Argiprestocin, AVT) is the non-mammalian homologue of arginine vasopressin (AVP) and was first synthesized as an AVP analogue. It was later found in non-mammalian vertebrates and induces similar physiological effects as AVP. AVT is considered the primary antidiuretic hormone. AVT functions to regulate expression of social and reproductive behaviors.

Edratide (hCDR1 or TV-4710) is a peptide based on the sequences of the complementarity determining region (CDR) 1 of monoclonal anti-DNA antibody. The capacity of the peptide to bind to major histocompatibility complex class II molecules correlated with the proliferative responses. Edratide is being developed for the treatment of SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus). Edratide ameliorates the SLE-related autoimmune process by specific upstream immunomodulation through the generation of regulatory T cells.

N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc), a hexosamine monosaccharide, is the first committed biological precursor of Neu5Ac. N-acetylmannosamine is being investigated as a potential treatment for GNE myopathy. N-acetylmannosamine has being reported to improve the cognitive function in aged animals. It has potential therapeutic application for cognitive dysfunction. N-acetylmannosamine is under investigation for GNE myopathy.

Adrogolide is a chemically stable prodrug of the dopamine D1 receptor agonist A-86929. Adrogolide is rapidly converted in plasma to A-86929. A-86929 has high affinity and functional selectivity for the dopamine D1 receptor. Adrogolide has been in phase II clinical trials for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and cocaine abuse. However, this research has been discontinued. The adverse events associated with its use of adrogolide were of mild-to-moderate severity and included injection site reaction, asthenia, headache, nausea, vomiting, postural hypotension, vasodilitation, and dizziness.

Fucoxanthin isis a marine carotenoid mainly found in brown algae, giving them a brown or olive-green color. Fucoxanthin is investigated for its anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and anti-cancer effects. In vivo studies have demonstrated that oral administration of fucoxanthin inhibited carcinogenesis in an animal model of duodenal, skin, colon and liver cancer. Fucoxanthin causes antitumor and anticarcinogenic effects by inducing G1 cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis by modulating expression of various cellular molecules and cellular signal transduction pathways, but the exact mechanism of anti-cancer action of fucoxanthin is not fully elucidated. Fucoxanthin regulates lipids metabolism, the effect most likely mediated by AMK-activated protein kinase. A clinical trial of fucoxanthin against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is ongoing.

GSK690693 is an aminofurazan derivative, a novel ATP-competitive, low-nanomolar pan-Akt kinase inhibitor. It is selective for the Akt isoforms versus the majority of kinases in other families; however, it does inhibit additional members of the AGC kinase family. GlaxoSmithKline was developing this compound for the treatment of lymphoma solid tumours but the clinical development of this compound was terminated due to the associated side-effect of transient hyperglycemia.

Tesevatinib (EXEL-7647 or XL647) was optimized as an inhibitor of a spectrum of growth-promoting and angiogenic receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) to simultaneously block tumor growth and vascularization. In particular, Tesevatinib potently inhibits the EGF/ErbB2, VEGF, and ephrin RTK families. The drug is being developed by Kadmon Corporation under licence from Symphony Evolution (Symphony Capital Partners). Kadmon is developing tesevatinib for the treatment of autosomal polycystic kidney disease and solid cancers.

GAL 101 (formerly MRZ 99030 or EG-030) a small-molecule β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation modulator with neuroprotective activity. It does not directly prevent early protein/protein interactions between monomeric Aβ, but rather promotes the formation of large, non-amyloidogenic, amorphous Aβ aggregates and thereby reduces the amount of intermediate toxic soluble oligomeric Aβ species. In vivo studies demonstrate the neuroprotective potential of MRZ-99030 after systemic and topical administration in animal models of Alzheimer's disease and glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration respectively. Currently, it is in Phase I trial for the treatment of glaucoma.

PF-06273340 is a brain penetrant, orally available and potent tropomyosin-related kinase (Trk) inhibitor. PF-06273340 has a low metabolic turnover in Human liver microsomes and hepatocytes is a good substrate for efflux transporters P-glycoprotein and Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and have moderate passive permeability. PF-06273340 was investigated in Phase I clinical trials for the treatment acute and chronic pain. However clinical development has been discontinued.